GWD-8-7----8-10，本人4题全错

柿子头

Q7 to Q10:

The system of patentgranting,

which confers

temporary monopolies for

Line the exploitation of new tech-

(5) nologies, was originally

established as an incentive

to the pursuit of risky new

ideas. Yet studies of the

most patent-conscious

(10) business of all—the semiconductor

industry—suggest

that firms do not necessarily

become more innovative as

they increase their patenting

(15) activity. Ziedonis and Hall,

for example, found that

investment in research and

development (a reasonable

proxy for innovation) did

(20) not substantially increase

between 1982 and 1992,

the industry’s most feverish

period of patenting. Instead,

semiconductor firms simply

(25) squeezed more patents out

of existing research and

development expenditures.

Moreover, Ziedonis and

Hall found that as patenting

(30) activity at semiconductor

firms increased in the

7

1980’s, the consensus

among industry employees

was that the average quality

(35) of their firms’ patents

declined. Though patent

quality is a difficult notion

to measure, the number of

times a patent is cited in

(40) the technical literature is

a reasonable yardstick, and

citations per semiconductor

patent did decline during

the 1980’s. This decline in

(45) quality may be related to

changes in the way semiconductor

firms managed

their patenting process:

rather than patenting to win

(50) exclusive rights to a valuable

new technology, patents

were filed more for strategic

purposes, to be used as

bargaining chips to ward

(55) off infringement suites or

as a means to block

competitors’ products.

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柿子头

Q7

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry's approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results

B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry's management of the patenting process

C.the connection betweenpatenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from1982 to 1992

D.reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992

E.certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry

答案是A，C怎么不对？

Q8

The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992?

A.The declining number of citation per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period

B .A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process

C.Increased efficiencies allow firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.

D.Firms' emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.

E.Firms' attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.

这题最难，不是说是process 导致质量低下的吗？怎么变成filing了？NN能不能结合这题把44-51翻译一下呀？如下This decline in (45) quality may be related to changes in the way semiconductor firms managed their patenting process:rather than patenting to win (50) exclusive rights to a valuable new technology, patents were filed more for strategic purposes,

Q10

Which of the following, if true, would most clearly serve to weaken the author's claim about what constitutes a reasonable yardstick for measuring patent quality?

A.It is more difficult to have an article accepted for publication in the technical literature of the semiconductor industry than it is in the technical literature of most other industries.

B.Many of the highest-quality semiconductor patents are cited numerous times in the technical literature.

C.It is difficult for someone not familiar with the technical literature to recognize what constitutes an innovative semiconductor patent.

D.There were more citations made per semiconductor patent in the technical literature in the 1970's than  in the 1980's

E.Low-quality patents tend to be discussed in the technical literature as frequently as high-quality patents.

答案E

柿子头

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柿子头

up 2 ci

kangdennis

me too....