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本月第十二篇疑似考古对应2011.9 JJ 请考过的童鞋过来确认下吧
52.**新的管理污染系统
[V1]By dingyy
公司换一种新的管理污染系统,传统觉得新系统没有benefit还增加cost,而作者说新系统更加efficient; 传统觉得新系统容易被复制,但是作者认为每个公司都有独立的模式
[V2]by shiqingyang
什么什么wisdom的观点是减少污染不能给公司带来收益 只会增加成本 然后作者说他忽略了两点 一点大概是减少污染的技术也可以提高生产力 还有一点是什么什么wisdom认为所有公司都减少污染他就没有优势了 但是事实是没有很多公司做这件事 如果这件事做的成功别的公司会争相去做 然后忘记了…（最后有一段高亮是说要政府去推行这个东西）
[V3]Byshiqingyang
第一篇 什么什么wisdom的观点是减少污染不能给公司带来收益 只会增加成本 然后作者说他忽略了两点 一点大概是减少污染的技术也可以提高生产力 还有一点是什么什么wisdom认为所有公司都减少污染他就没有优势了 但是事实是没有很多公司做这件事 如果这件事做的成功别的公司会争相去做 然后忘记了…（最后有一段高亮是说要政府去推行这个东西）
[V4]by yvonne0517
第一段具体没看清楚但是有题目，大概讲公司应该从事后污染治理转变到事前预防控制。问Opportunity Cost指什么，比较好定位的，第一段有破折号。第二段全部高亮，讲企业觉得提高产品质量很难，其实是方向错了，并不因为blabla，而是因为process和什么的。问作用，应该是用来analogy的。第三段讲了跟产品质量一个，污染控制也是什么什么事后难什么的，控制process和xxx就可以怎么样了（实在是因为紧张，看得不是很仔细，不过觉得题目不难）
[V5]By daisyeni(720)
pollution control: highlight了第一段的opportunity cost, 问值下列哪个, 选项有, opportunity for low pollution control, the cost to prevent pollution, possibility to detect pollution
第二段讲production efficiency and quality control, 问题是第二段的作用, 选analogy
主旨题, recommend a new solution
[V6]By 硬邦帮帮主
JJ对文章的描述挺全面的了我来补充一下题目
Controversial wisdom 认为什么？就是减少污染不能给公司带来收益只会增加成本
主旨题反对旧观点，提出新观点
问新的改革有什么好处？
其实是文章说的一个例子就是改进旧的生产方法提高原来生产line 的efficiency
干扰选项有用新的机器代替low-efficiency旧机器
[V7]By sallyonet
题目有一个高亮opportunity cost问是什么意思还是怎么的？那里好像是说很多新公司认为去环保会有opportunity cost 后面还列举了一些
好像还问一个第二段的关键词和第一段什么关系？不确定…反正和一个词（好像还是词组）那个词有些记不住了…
[V8]By tongjihansey (760)
传统的理论认为企业在生产过程中造成了污染就应该去治理，很多企业也正是这么做的。但是有新观点认为企业污染环境如果不治理会造成巨大的cost，会waste resources，还会waste什么什么的，其中用到了opportunity cost这个词（有考题，问企业的oppotuninty cost是什么，选的因为不治理环境污染而造成的巨大损失）。所以治理污染实际上是让企业变得更有效了，有词efficient。
说这种新观点的产生让人们联想到过去的一个类似的历史事件（这里有问题，问第二段有什么作用，选的用一个类似的例子来深化后文要阐述的内容，有analogous这个词）好像是1700多年以前，。。。。。这个事件有点想不起来了。。。。。
回到企业治理污染上
[V9]By hamubote1115 (V38)
阅读有一篇JJ上没有的文章,说环保的一种新view
文章大意：第一段：一直以来，企业把环保看成一种highly cost的事情，但是如果换一种思路，从cost-efficiency去做，有其他method来解决这一问题。又说pullution其实也是一种opptunitist cost（高亮）----wasting resource, wasting cost, loss in the value of the product。
第二段：做了一整段的类比，讲的是产品的观念。之前商家把产品的改进当做一个成本很高的东西，认为产品的deficts是不可避免的，设计完以后才想到改进，就比较吃力。但是新的观念认为可以在设计和规划的阶段就把产品的性能考虑进去，这样就非常的efficiency。
第三段：这种产品的新思路也可以应用到环保。生产设计等等开始的的阶段就考虑环保问题，这样就不会浪费，就cost efficiency了。
题目，1）主旨题：我选的是环保问题的new approach
2）opptunitist cost 指的是什么。选项有lost due to pullution(狗主答案)，还有to prevent it before the pullution等等。
3）第二段什么作用，我选有anallgous situation的那个
[V10]By lnzhonglp (770)
第一段，先提出conventional认为企业去防止pollution不合算。但是这种说法是以生产的过程不能改变为前提的。后面关键来了，说pollution有opportunity costs--wasted resources, wasted effort, and diminished product value to the customer. At the level of resource productivity, environmental improvement and competitiveness come together.生产的过程其实是可以改变或者重新设计什么的，这样既可以提高生产效率，又可以控制pollution.
第二段，开头说上面说的那种说法是源自于最近的一种流行的什么quality control之类的讨论。下面主要讲这个quality control,具体记不清楚了，主要意思就是通过重新设计产品，设计生产流程什么的，提高了效率，减小了成本，也达到了control pollution的效果。基本跟下面这个类似。
（第二段用defect做类比Like defects, pollution often reveals flaws in the product design or production process. Efforts to eliminate pollution can therefore follow the same basic principles widely used in quality programs: Use inputs more efficiently, eliminate the need for hazardous, hard-to-handle materials, and eliminate unneeded activities. In a recent study of major process changes at ten manufacturers of printed circuit boards, for example, pollution-control personnel initiated thirteen of thirty-three major changes. Of the thirteen changes, twelve resulted in cost reduction, eight in quality improvements, and five in extension of production capabilities. [2] It is not surprising that total quality management (TQM) has become a source of ideas for pollution reduction that can create offsetting benefits. The Dow Chemical Company, for example, explicitly identified the link between quality improvement and environmental performance by using statistical-process control to reduce the variance in processes and to lower waste.）
[V11]By staceyfff (700)
Q1 low anti technology efficient的原因定位到second那里
Q2 传统方法认为low pollution 不好的原因？
Q3 主旨题：否定一个流行观点
还有一题不记得了。。。
[V12]By 哦耶霏啦 (750)
结构：传统观念人们都喜欢先污染再治理——但是一些公司现在开始提出了预防污染的理念。预防污染关乎到对资源的合理运用等等一些概念。如果不预防污染会有“opportunity cost" (这里如之前的牛牛所述，有题：作者暗示什么是opportunity cost? 楼主答案：the possible lost if the company does not prevent pollution。当然大意是这个，肯定不是原句。其他的答案还挺好排除的。不过筒子们还是再自己看一下哈。^_^）——另开启一段：在pollution revolution之前公司们都是秉持传统观念的，但是pollution revolution以后公司们越来越重视pollution prevention(这里出了一道题，这一段的作用。楼主觉得这题很纠结，有好几个答案都很像。由于不确定，就不误导大家了。希望筒子们一定仔细看这道题，楼主觉得有的答案有陷阱，不冷静思考的话很可能掉进去）——最后一段：作者提出了对公司们的建议。 这篇阅读的主旨题出的比较有意思，是问这篇文主要是侧重以下哪个方面？1. 对一个问题的解决方法进行评论 2。 对一种现象进行批判 3. 提出作者自己的主张和建议（楼主的答案）。其他选项记不清了。这个题需要大家把握整体结构，再体会体会。
疑似原文
The concept of resource productivity opens up a new way of looking at both the full systems costs and the value associated with any product. Resource inefficiencies are most obvious within a company in the form of incomplete material utilization and poor process controls, which result in unnecessary waste, defects, and stored materials. But there also are many other hidden costs buried in the life cycle of the product. Packaging discarded by distributors or customers, for example, wastes resources and adds costs. Customers bear additional costs when they use products that pollute or waste energy. Resources are lost when products that contain usable materials are discarded and when customers pay --directly or indirectly -- for product disposal.
Environmental improvement efforts have traditionally overlooked these systems costs. Instead, they have focused on pollution control through better identification, processing, and disposal of discharges or waste -- costly approaches. In recent years, more advanced companies and regulators have embraced the concept of pollution prevention, sometimes called source reduction, which uses such methods as material substitution and closed-loop processes to limit pollution before it occurs.
But, although pollution prevention is an important step in the right direction, ultimately companies must learn to frame environmental improvement in terms of resource productivity. [1] Today managers and regulators focus on the actual costs of eliminating or treating pollution. They must shift their attention to include the opportunity costs of pollution --wasted resources, wasted effort, and diminished product value to the customer. At the level of resource productivity, environmental improvement and competitiveness come together.
This new view of pollution as resource inefficiency evokes the quality revolution of the 1980s and its most powerful lessons. Today we have little trouble grasping the idea that innovation can improve quality while actually lowering cost.
But as recently as fifteen years ago, managers believed there was a fixed trade-off. Improving quality was expensive because it could be achieved only through inspection and rework of the inevitable" defects that came off the line. What lay behind the old view was the assumption that both product design and production processes were fixed. As managers have rethought the quality issue, however, they have abandoned that old mind-set. Viewing defects as a sign of inefficient product and process design -- not as an inevitable byproduct of manufacturing -- was a breakthrough. Companies now strive to build quality into the entire process. The new mind-set unleashed the power of innovation to relax or eliminate what companies had previously accepted as fixed trade-offs.
第二段用defect做类比Like defects, pollution often reveals flaws in the product design or production process. Efforts to eliminate pollution can therefore follow the same basic principles widely used in quality programs: Use inputs more efficiently, eliminate the need for hazardous, hard-to-handle materials, and eliminate unneeded activities. In a recent study of major process changes at ten manufacturers of printed circuit boards, for example, pollution-control personnel initiated thirteen of thirty-three major changes. Of the thirteen changes, twelve resulted in cost reduction, eight in quality improvements, and five in extension of production capabilities. [2] It is not surprising that total quality management (TQM) has become a source of ideas for pollution reduction that can create offsetting benefits. The Dow Chemical Company, for example, explicitly identified the link between quality improvement and environmental performance by using statistical-process control to reduce the variance in processes and to lower waste.
红色的经确认就是原文考古. 大家要考前一定看好看足JJ哦,命中率非常高! |
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楼主
发表于 2015-12-26 12:00:08
