GWD-3-35问题目意思（已经看过以前贴子）

Lucky0506

我想请教大家。单从题目上看，怎么能够知道”the historian mentioned in the second paragraph" 是指什么historian---文中的historian很明显分成两部分，而又分别持不同观点啊！

The passage suggests that the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regarding Alessandra Strozzi?

A.    Alessandra was able to act more independently than most women of her time because she was a widow.

B     Alessandra was aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.

C     Alessandra had goals and interests similar to those of many other widows in her society.

D.    Alessandra is an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.

E.    Alessandra was exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the social constraints placed upon women in her society.

以下附文章：

Q35 to Q37:

      Historians who study European

       women of the Renaissance try to mea-

       sure “independence,” “options,” and

Line       other indicators of the degree to which

  (5)       the expression of women’s individuality

was either permitted or suppressed.

Influenced by Western individualism,

these historians define a peculiar form

of personhood:  an innately bounded

(10)      unit, autonomous and standing apart

from both nature and society.  An

anthropologist, however, would contend

that a person can be conceived in ways

other than as an “individual.”  In many

(15)      societies a person’s identity is not

intrinsically unique and self-contained

but instead is defined within a complex

web of social relationships.

      In her study of the fifteenth-century

(20)      Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a

historian who specializes in European

women of the Renaissance attributes

individual intention and authorship of

       actions to her subject.  This historian

(25)      assumes that Alessandra had goals

and interests different from those of her

sons, yet much of the historian’s own

research reveals that Alessandra

acted primarily as a champion of her

(30)      sons’ interests, taking their goals as

her own.  Thus Alessandra conforms

more closely to the anthropologist’s

       notion that personal motivation is

embedded in a social context.  Indeed,

(35)      one could argue that Alessandra did

       not distinguish her personhood from

that of her sons.  In Renaissance

Europe the boundaries of the con-

ceptual self were not always firm

(40)      and closed and did not necessarily

coincide with the boundaries of

the bodily self.

rakesun

In her study of the fifteenth-century

(20)      Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a

historian who specializes in European

women of the Renaissance attributes

individual intention and authorship of

       actions to her subject.这句可以很明显的看出说的是谁了吧？

Lucky0506

yet much of the historian’s own

research reveals that Alessandra

acted primarily as a champion of her

(30)      sons’ interests, taking their goals as

her own.

为什么不是这些historian呢？

ethyl

yet much of the historian’s own

research reveals that Alessandra

acted primarily as a champion of her

(30)      sons’ interests, taking their goals as

her own.

为什么不是这些historian呢？

是同一个hitorian，MM再看看

Lucky0506

同一个hitorian? 太shocking 了！

那逻辑意思是不是说这个historian做了两件事情：

1。study 了一个人--the fifteenth-century  Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi.

在该study中，她assume that Alessandra had goals and interests different from those of her sons,

2。她自己又做了一些research，结果却和她在study中的assumption不一样--reveals that Alessandraacted primarily as a champion of her sons’ interests, taking their goals as her own.

好象有道理哦。。。！谢谢ethyl !

只是为什么要用assume这个词呢？ 他都通过自己的research证明了A只是代儿子实现理想，那还在study一本书的时候assume相反的东西。为啥啊？

Lucky0506

哦！是不是这样理解啊？就是她为了研究individualism in renaissance women, 先study了一本书，该书令她得出一种结论，然后自己做了一些research. 而research的结果显示由那本书得出的结论是错误的？

请指正！

Lucky0506

是不是啊？

lonski

第一段：historians持的观点：“an innately bounded unit, autonomous and standing apartfrom both nature and society”。anthropologists持的观点：“within a complex web of social relationships.  ”。

第二段一上来，a historian (这里可以猜测观点很可能跟第一段的historians说的基本一样) ... attributes individual intention and authorship of actionsto her subject （将个人意图和行为归因于个人的主观意识(subject)）,并且she assumes that Alessandra had goals andinterests different from those of her sons （说明Aless同学的目的和利益是独立的）。后面转折：yet much of the historian’s own research reveals that... 后面是说the historian(同一个historian）的自己的研究其实揭露了... (应该是被动揭露)。就是说，the historian的论点和她的学术研究所reveal（被动reveal）出来的东西是不一样的：证据并不能支持论点。


GWD3-Q35:

The passage suggests that the historian mentionedin the second paragraphwould be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regardingAlessandra Strozzi?
A.   Alessandrawas able to act more independently than most women of her time because she wasa widow.
B.    Alessandrawas aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.
C.   Alessandrahad goals and interests similar to those of many other widows in her society.
D.   Alessandrais an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality throughindependent action.
E.    Alessandrawas exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the socialconstraints placed upon women in her society.

显然historian assum Aless个人目标是相对独立的。D




GWD3-Q36:

It can be inferred that the author of thepassage believes which of the following about the study of Alessandra Strozzidone by the historian mentioned in the second paragraph?
A.   Alessandrawas atypical of her time and was therefore an inappropriate choice for thesubject of the historian’s research.
B.    Inorder to bolster her thesis, the historian adopted the anthropologicalperspective on personhood.
C.   Thehistorian argues that the boundaries of the conceptual self were not alwaysfirm and closed in Renaissance Europe.
D.   Inher study, the historian reverts to a traditional approach that is out of stepwith the work of other historians of Renaissance Europe.
E.    Theinterpretation of Alessandra’s actions that the historian puts forward is notsupported by much of the historian’s research.


the historian的学术主要问题在于论点（attributes, assumes）和证据本身(her own research)并不一致。因此E