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Which of the following most logically completes the argument given below?

People in isolated rain-forest communities tend to live on a largely vegetarian diet, and they eat little salt. Few of them suffer from high blood pressure, and their blood pressure does not tend to increase with age, as is common in industrialized countries. Such people often do develop high blood pressure when they move to cities and adopt high-salt diets. Though suggestive, these facts do not establish salt as the culprit in high blood pressure, however, because_____.

正确答案: D

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OG13 CR55 Rain-forest,salt

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楼主
发表于 2015-11-18 17:57:25 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
Which of the following most logically completes the argument given?
People in isolated rain-forest communities tend to live on a largely vegetarian diet, and they eat little salt. Few of them suffer from high blood pressure, and their blood pressure does not tend to increase with age, as is common in industrialized countries. Such people often do develop high blood pressure when they move to cities and adopt high-salt diets. Though suggestive, these facts do not establish salt as the culprit in high blood pressure, however, because ________.
A. genetic factors could account for the lack of increase of blood pressure with age among such people. B. people eating high-salt diets and living from birth in cities in industrialized societies generally have a tendency to have high blood pressure
C. it is possible to have a low-salt diet while living in a city in an industrialized country
D. there are changes in other aspects of diet when such people move to the city
E. salt is a necessity for human life, and death can occur when the body loses too much salt


理解为什么选D和其他选项错误,问题在于考场上需要更清晰的解题切入点,如果各位有任何思路求分享。
第一遍做题的时候被前两句一堆零碎的信息耽搁了很久。笔记类似这个版本:

Rainforest: Veg diet + little salt + do not suffer from HBP + BP doesnt increase with Age.
Change: Move to City + high salt diet
City: HBP
But eating high salt is not culprit because ?

但是这样的思路太抓不住重点。回头分析的总结:

提干开始出一大堆的信息,隐含的逻辑无非是salt            hbp
但是偏偏在结论的时候来了句salt            hbp
打破因果逻辑的方式无非这几种:
1)他因 2)他果 3)因果相反 4)第三个原因导致两个现象 5)不相关
既然提干中已经明确,hbp是一定出现了的现象排除2,在其它的原因中他因是GMAT最常用的手法。尤其提干前面的一大堆内容其实已经作了提示,context是从雨林搬到城市,在这个过程中可以用很多其它的变动,并非只有more salt一个。
选项A,如果真是基因起作用,那么无论如何bp都不会变动。Lack of increase of blood pressure根本和结论中的hbp以及salt无关。

真正重要的似乎只有结论的因果逻辑,抓住这点更重要,但是考场上不一定能做到。不知道大家在实际做题的时候是不是也按这个思路,或者有更成熟的做题套路?

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沙发
发表于 2015-11-20 17:16:46 | 只看该作者
记笔记有啥用?又不是听写的题。
先读问题,知道是削弱/加强/假设/评价等
读题找出premise和conclusion
premise: 让我们自己找其他fact
conclusion: these facts do not establish salt as the culprit in high blood pressure
同时注意这是一个果因推理,因为conclusion的内容是对现象原因的推测,所以一定是因发生在先,所以conclusion的内容是因,由果及因,是果因推理。

至此,目标已经很明确了,找other fact去削弱establishes salt as the culprit in high blood pressure就好了。
所以,D选项是一个other fact,其实是他果,而并不是他因。
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2015-11-20 23:11:37 | 只看该作者
alzn2765 发表于 2015-11-20 17:16
记笔记有啥用?又不是听写的题。
先读问题,知道是削弱/加强/假设/评价等
读题找出premise和conclusion

谢谢确实是由果及因。
地板
发表于 2016-9-12 10:21:24 | 只看该作者
这题不用排除法也可做,而且非常快
细分题干得到
                条件一        条件二  结果
原始人 在原始部落 少盐饮食  没有高血压
原始人 在城市          多盐饮食  有高血压

变量为两个,没有做到控制变量。结论说不能证明高血压由盐导致,显然是因为没有控制好城市和原始部落这个变量,提到这一变量的只有D
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