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104. Spending on research and development by United States businesses for 1984 showed an increase of about 8 percent over the 1983 level. This increase actually continued a downward trend evident since 1981 – when outlays for research and development increased 16.4 percent over 1980 spending. Clearly, the 25 percent tax credit enacted by Congress in 1981, which was intended to promote spending on research and development, did little or nothing to stimulate such spending.
The conclusion of the argument above cannot be true unless which of the following is true?
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after 1981 would have increased more than it did.
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not have been substantially lower than it was. D
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.
122. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.
The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?
(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax incomes.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from years to year.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time. C
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.
123. Advertisement: Today’s customers expect high quality. Every advance in the quality of manufactured products raises customer expectations. The company that is satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find that its customers are not. At MegaCorp, meeting or exceeding customer expectations is our goal.
Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?
(A) MegaCorp’s competitors will succeed in attracting customers only if those competitors adopt MegaCorp’s goal as their own.
(B) A company that does not correctly anticipate the expectations of its customers is certain to fail in advancing the quality of its products.
(C) MegaCorp’s goal is possible to meet only if continuing advances in product quality are possible.
(D) If a company becomes satisfied with the quality of its products, then the quality of its products is sure to decline. C
(E) MegaCorp’s customers are currently satisfied with the quality of its products.
两个问题：
1. 象104 和122这两题的提问涉及到unless句型，也应该归为assumption吗？请解释一下
2. 123题我觉得是Must be true题型，怎么是assumption 呢？
本人愚笨，请NN指教 | 
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发表于 2005-8-2 22:28:00
