Lsat-13-4-19,Lsat-13-4-22,Lsat-13-4-24

BetterMan

?? 19. Jane: According to an article in this newsmagazine, children’s hand-eye coordination suffers when they spend a great amount of time watching television. Therefore, we must restrict the amount of time Jacqueline and Mildred are allowed to watch television.
Alan: Rubbish! The article says that only children under three are affected in that way. Jacqueline is ten and Mildred is eight. Therefore, we need not restrict their television viewing.
Alan’s argument against Jane’s conclusion makes which one of the following errors in
reasoning?
(A) It relies on the same source that Jane cited in support of her conclusion.
(B) It confuses undermining an argument in support of a given conclusion with showing that the conclusion itself is false.
(C) It does not address the main point of Jane’s argument and focuses instead on a side issue.
(D) It makes an irrelevant appeals to an authority.
(E) It fails to distinguish the consequences of a certain practice from the causes of the practice.

B.为什么对？
原文中的“Therefore, we need not restrict their television viewing.”，不是可以看成“showing that the conclusion itself is false.”嘛？


22. A long-term health study that followed a group of people who were age 35 in 1950 found that those whose weight increased by approximately half a kilogram or one pound per year after the age of 35 tended, on the whole, to live longer than those who maintained the weight they had at age 35. This finding seems at variance with other studies that have associated weight gain with a host of health problems that tend to lower life expectancy.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparently conflicting findings?
(A) As people age, muscle and bone tissue tends to make up a smaller and smaller proportion of total body weight.
(B) Individuals who reduce their cholesterol levels by losing weight can thereby also reduce their risk of dying from heart attacks or strokes.
(C) Smokers, who tend to be leaner than nonsmokers, tend to have shorter life spans than nonsmokers.
(D) The normal deterioration of the human immune system with age can be slowed down by a reduction in the number of calories consumed.
(E) Diets that tend to lead to weight gain often contain not only excess fat but also unhealthful concentrations of sugar and sodium.

答案是C，不理解。
觉得应该是B。原题逻辑是：1）一方面，总体调查说体重增加的人活的长，2）另一方面又有现象表面体重增加会与某些减少寿命的健康问题联系起来；

可以理解为2）是1）的一个特例。

B说有些靠减肥减少了卡路里含量的人减少了的心脏病的可能性。也就是说有些卡路里含量高的、体重没减少的人，可能因为得心脏病而减少寿命。所以B说得是一个与原题干中2）符合的特例；

而C说的是与1）符合的现象，没有解释2）的现象。


24. The problem that environmental economics aims to remedy is the following: people making economic decisions cannot readily compare environmental factors, such as clean air and the survival of endangered species, with other costs and benefits. As environmental economists recognize, solving this problem requires assigning monetary values result from people comparing costs and benefits in order to arrive at economic decisions. Thus, environmental economics is stymied by what motivates it.
If the considerations advanced in its support are true, the passage’s conclusion is supported
(A) strongly, on the assumption that monetary values for environment factors cannot be assigned unless people make economic decisions about these factors
(B) strongly, unless economic decision-making has not yet had any effect on the things categorized as environmental factors
(C) at best weakly, because the passage fails to establish that economic decision-makers do not by and large take adequate account of environmental factors
(D) at best weakly, because the argument assumes that pollution and other effects on environmental factors rarely result from economic decision-making
(E) not at all, since the argument is circular, taking that conclusion as one of its premises
  
　选A，why？
另外：solving this problem requires assigning monetary values result from people comparing costs and benefits in order to arrive at economic decisions.这段的含义有大侠可以翻译一吗？

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-22 10:33:10编辑过]

BetterMan

看了以前总结的对19题的分析，还是有点儿不理解，请再指点一下。原来分析如下：

j的前提是长时间看电视会损坏孩子的眼手协调，结论是要限制两个孩子看电视。
而a回答是对前提的质疑（范围），即不是所有的孩子而是仅在一年龄段的才会受此影响。因此并不是反对结论本身，而是将削弱支持结论的论述confuse成了指出结论本身错误（B）。

A回答中有两部分：1）质疑前提；2）指出两个孩子不属于前提所说范围，并结论说“no need to restrict their television viewing"。 这句话既可以理解为不限制他们看电视，也可以理解为看电视的时间也都不限制。 那也就是很明确的反对了J。不能说没有反对J的结论。

merlion

我的理解:
22. (c) 解释了特例 "A long-term health study that followed a group of people..", smoking造成"shorter life spans ", 不违反"other studies that have associated weight gain with...". 因为smoking"shorter life spans", 不是因为胖才健康。
    (b)没提"减少寿命"

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-8-22 1:12:32编辑过]

BetterMan

以下是引用merlion在2003-8-21 14:41:00的发言：
我的理解:
22. (c) 解释了特例 "A long-term health study that followed a group of people..", smoking造成"shorter life spans ", 不违反"other studies that have associated weight gain with...". 因为smoking瘦，因为smoking"shorter life spans", 不是因为胖才健康。
     (b)没提"减少寿命"

是不是可以这样理解：
这里的long term study的结果可能是由于smoker造成的。一般说来，体重增加会使寿命减少。smoker是个特例。
如果可以这样理解的话，那么也可以找个相反的特例来说明二者不矛盾，是吗？

merlion

"找个..特例来说明二者不矛盾"  you got it

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-8-22 1:19:57编辑过]