否定新信息存在,就不叫了吧。我自己的理解是,因为假设题并没有用新的信息作为结论成立的论据,而是通过否定新信息,即从反方向排除逻辑断层,从而加强了原有的逻辑推理。
就好像这题
113.The average hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland has long been significantly lower than that in neighboring Borodia. Since Borodia dropped all tariffs on Vernlandian televisions three years ago, the number of televisions sold annually in Borodia has not changed. (背景:讲B从V进口稳定数量的电视)However, recent statistics show a drop in the number of television assemblers in Borodia. 【Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of televisions Borodia imports annually from Vernland has increased.】
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
逻辑链:只要B安装工人的减少,B国电视就需要从V进口 (gap有很多,例如工人生产效率提高等文章未考虑的新问题。所以,我们要做的便是将这些可能出现的新问题否决掉,排除逻辑断层。)(但是不会考虑进口国来源问题,因为这是前提中提到的背景之一,对不?)
(C) The average number of hours (it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble a television) has not decreased significantly during the past three years.
----C选项是正确答案,虽然出现新的信息,但是通过否定新的信息对argument产生的可能影响而加强了原有的逻辑链。可能这也是为什么假设题最容易选出现否定词的选项的原因(因为存在很多其他原因/新信息,揭露逻辑的断层,所以通过否定这一可能,将会加强原文逻辑)
再回到最初的问题:
106.Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. (背景:孩子容易因为接触洗洁剂或杀虫剂中的化学物质而过敏)Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years.【Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.】
(B) Children who areallergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances. B找的逻辑漏洞已经在前提中被排除了,违背了前提,所以OG会说 “Only school-nurseisits for allergic reactions to the cleaners and pesticide is used in elementary schools are in question in the argument.”(即前提已经肯定了感染源的问题就来源于cleanser和pesticide) 所以是不相干的新信息,对吧NN?
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