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[逻辑小分队] 急!求教一个逻辑问题

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楼主
发表于 2015-9-20 11:01:12 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
马上考试了,可是有一个点没有弄懂啊,求NN指教。如下,我觉得下面两道题有点矛盾:
29. Although exposure to asbestos is the primarycause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers believe thatinfection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue,contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine wascontaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was thesource of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.

Which of the following, if true, most stronglysupports the researchers' hypothesis?
CRecentlydiscovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of thevirus. (conclusion:vaccine里面的virus就是mesotheliomas里面找到的virus.B选项只能说明vaccine里面有virus这个已知前提,而不能证明这个virus就是mestheliomas里面的virus)
D.In Finland, where the polio vaccinewas never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40. (正确答案)


20. Several ancientGreek texts provide accounts of people being poisoned by honey that textssuggest was made from the nectar of rhododendron oroleander plants. Honey made from such nectar can cause the effects the textsdescribe, but only if eaten fresh, since the honey loses its toxicity within afew weeks of being made. In Greece,rhododendrons and oleander bloom only in springtime, when they are thepredominant sources of nectar.
B.In areas where neitherrhododendrons nor oleanders grow, honey is never poisonous.  (光否命题不能证明,要逆否命题才行。这里还是不能证明中毒的都是吃了那种蜂蜜的)

D.Theincidents of honey poisoning that are related in the ancient texts occurred inthe springtime or in the early summer


我个人觉得29的正确选项D和20题的错误选项B都是一种support的方法,可是怎么一个正确一个错误呢,求指教啦!感谢!



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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2015-9-20 11:02:27 | 只看该作者
对了,题打漏了,20题是要问support哈。
求指教啊 顶上去!
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2015-9-20 11:05:00 | 只看该作者
NN们快来给小女子解答一下吧
地板
发表于 2015-9-20 13:44:57 | 只看该作者
相关-->因果推理找支持

前提(果):mesotheliomas decades later
结论(因): in 1960 some polio vaccine wascontaminated with the virus

等价逆否命题为:非因--->非果
非因就是: the polio vaccine was never contaminated
非果就是:samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40

没有contaminated polio vaccine,就没有mesotheliomas contain SV40
5#
发表于 2015-9-20 14:18:14 | 只看该作者
充分条件(A):Honey made from such nectar can cause the effects(poisoned) the texts describe
必要条件(B):eaten fresh( the honey loses its toxicity within afew weeks of being made)=eat at in springtime (蜜只有开花的时候才有)

A--->B
加强是-B-->-A
此题中非B是:不生吃(或者不在春天吃)
非A是:蜜没毒

而B是在没有rhododendron oroleander plants的地方,蜜没有毒。

D等于是肯定了必要条件发生了,满足了充分条件发生的条件。对B取非就是否定了必要条件,则充分条件一定不成立,也就是Honey made from such nectar can cause the effects(poisoned) the texts describe一定为假。

所以D正确。
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2015-9-22 15:43:07 | 只看该作者
alzn2765 发表于 2015-9-20 14:18
充分条件(A):Honey made from such nectar can cause the effects(poisoned) the texts describe
必要 ...

太感谢啦!明白啦!
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