OG 18-110 111

barmecide

Passage 18

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year

battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the

largest private employer of Black people in the United

(5) States and the company that controlled the railroad

industry’s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the

Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a

major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped

transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and

(10) toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually,

Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’s antagonism

toward Black workers.

In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable

obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable

( 15) skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred

Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle

was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which

weakened support among Black workers for an

independent entity.

(20) The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages,

however, including Randolph’s own tactical abilities. In

1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against

Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black

leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black

(25)worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as

wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided

the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the

country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities;

their segregated life protected the union’s internal

(30) communications from interception. That the porters were a

homogeneous group working for a single employer with

single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from

city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encour-

aged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only

(35) in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a

company from maintaining its own unions with company

money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become

recognized as the porters’ representative.

Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the

(40)Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where

it became the equal of the Federation’s 105 other unions.

He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood

would be in a better position to exert pressure on member

unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions

were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.

110. The passage suggests that if the grievances of porters in one part of the United States had been different from those of porters in another part of the country, which of the following would have been the case?

(A)  It would have been more difficult for the Pullman Company to have had a single labor policy.

(B)   It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to control its channels of communication.

(C)   It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership.

(D)  It would have been easier for the Pullman Company’s union to attract membership. (C)

(E)   It would have been easier for the Brotherhood to threaten strikes.

111. The passage suggests that in the 1920’s a company in the United States was able to

(A)  use its own funds to set up a union

(B)   require its employees to join the company’s own union

(C)   develop a single labor policy for all its employees with little employee dissent.

(D)  pressure its employees to contribute money to maintain the company’s own union (A)

(E)   use its resources to prevent the passage of federal legislation that would have facilitated the formation of independent unions.

That the porters were ahomogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well.

上面这句话只是说，Porters有共同的不平与委屈，加强了兄弟情况，促进了种族统一与固结。这怎么就能推出来没有共同的不平与委屈，就使建立会员资格更加困难呢？我觉得这个问题ETS的解释也没有说服力。

第111题，为什么B不能成为答案呢？既然都成立了自己的工会了，肯定能要求工人加入自己的工会吧？

而今迈步从头越

110请参考文中如下内容：That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well.对这段话取非就是C。

111：为什么B不能成为答案呢？既然都成立了自己的工会了，肯定能要求工人加入自己的工会吧？

楼主infer太多，事实上这个infer可能没有错，但是A是B得基础，如果连A都不成立的话，B不可能成立。 而且文中只是明确的对A进行了说明：But it was only (35) in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters’ representative.

danlon77

110请参考文中如下内容：That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well.对这段话取非就是C。

怎么取非就是C呀？“strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity”取非后与C选项中“difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership”等价吗？

不解？

wangyu73cn

文章中的That the porters were a homogeneous group working for a single employer with single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encouraged racial identity and solidarity as well.与题目中的if the grievances of porters in one part of the LACE w:st="on">United StatesLACE> had been different from those of porters in another part of the country, It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership.是一个意思。所谓取非，是指条件取非，结果也取非。即地区差异一致，B工会易于团结其会员。地区差异增加，则难于团结了。

danlon77

能不能解释一下build its membership的含义呀，我可能是对这个理解得不对。

谢谢！

蓝夕叶子

It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership.

Brotherhood这个union壮大它自己的成员人数变难了～

wangyu73cn

以下是引用蓝夕叶子在2005-6-8 7:21:00的发言：

It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to build its membership.

Brotherhood这个union壮大它自己的成员人数变难了～

同意叶子的意见。我所说的“团结其会员”不准确。

danlon77

多谢指点！