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对LZ这句话中的location的具体含义很是迷惑。指被污染的流域？还是指没被污染的流域？ 哪位NN能够根据第二段的内容做个实例分析？因为第二段的内容太抽象了。 Over the last 150 years, large stretches of salmon habitat have been eliminated by human activity: mining, livestock grazing, timber harvesting, and agriculture as well as recreational and urban development. The numerical effect is obvious: there are fewer salmon in degraded regions than in pristine ones; however, habitat loss also has the potential to reduce genetic diversity. This is most evident in cases where it results in the extinction of entire salmon populations. Indeed, most analysts believe that some kind of environmental degradation underlies the demise of many extinct salmon populations. Although some rivers have been recolonized, the unique genes of the original populations have been lost. Large-scale disturbances in one locale also have the potential to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas, even if those areas have pristine habitats. Why? Although the homing instinct of salmon to their natal stream is strong, a fraction of the fish returning from the sea (rarely more than 15 percent) stray and spawn in nearby streams. Low levels of straying are crucial, since the process provides a source of novel genes and a mechanism by which a location can be repopulated should the fish there disappear. Yet high rates of straying can be problematic because misdirected fish may interbreed with the existing stock to such a degree that any local adaptations that are present become diluted. Straying rates remain relatively low when environmental conditions are stable, but can increase dramatically when streams suffer severe disturbance. The 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount Saint Helens, for example, sent mud and debris into several tributaries of the Columbia River. For the next couple of years, steelhead trout (a species included among the salmonids) returning from the sea to spawn were forced to find alternative streams. As a consequence, their rates of straying, initially 16 percent, rose to more than 40 percent overall. Although no one has quantified changes in the rate of straying as a result of the disturbances caused by humans, there is no reason to suspect that the effect would be qualitatively different than what was seen in the aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption. Such a dramatic increase in straying from damaged areas to more pristine streams results in substantial gene flow, which can in turn lower the overall fitness of subsequent generations. 例子：有两个流域：南京流域和上海流域。这两个地方分别生活着“甲鲑鱼”和“乙鲑鱼”。假设南京流域受到了污染，那么该如何具体的描述“低走失率”和“高走失率”两种状况下鲑鱼的流向？ 例子：有两个流域：南京流域和上海流域。这两个地方分别生活着“甲鲑鱼”和“乙鲑鱼”。假设南京流域受到了污染，那么该如何具体的描述“低走失率”和“高走失率”两种状况下鲑鱼的流向？是不是在没有发生污染的情况下才会出现“低走失率”？如果是这样的话，那么第10题B和D都不对。因为BD都是描述已经发生污染的情况下鲑鱼如何从新繁荣。 It can be inferred from the passage that the occasional failure of some salmon to return to their natal streams in order to spawn provides a mechanism by which A. pristine streams that are near polluted streams become polluted themselves B. the particular adaptations of a polluted stream’s salmon population can be preserved without dilution C. the number of salmon in pristine habitats decreases relative to the number in polluted streams D. an environmentally degraded stream could be recolonized by new salmon populations should the stream recover E. the extinction of the salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams is accelerated
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发表于 2005-4-15 22:28:00
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