【跃杜】溜月跃杜寂静整理（07.17完结 共56篇）

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十四也是
【本月原始】家庭business
【V1】by julielyc
阅读残狗3
P1 17世纪北美和18世纪欧洲 family business is more or less symbolistic……
P2 某些historian认为家庭business占主要
P3 另一些historian反驳
【V2】by joyceme
第一篇中短的，讲手艺的家族传承性，第一段说17，18世纪business都是通过血缘姻亲等方式传承的，第二段说有学者表示其实这个传承后来已经弱化了（我记得这里有个题，问19世纪能表明家族传承弱化的是哪个选项，我选的手艺人雇佣一些移民干活），总的来说就是一个新老观点对比，题目不难。
【V3】by 小小加
第一篇  家族企业发展那一篇，寂静上有。10月寂静也有。
1第一题问第三段高亮的作用
2.还有一道主旨题
3.第三题是哪一项可以削弱原文高亮部分，原文说父亲不会把手艺传给儿子。
选项里面第一个单词都是document，意思是不同时间的文件记载了什么什么
我选了有文件记载父亲把手艺传授给儿子的那一项
【考古】
【v1】第一段将17-18世纪欧洲的kin 与 family business 相互促进
第二段将 美国17-18世纪 carpt 是不是家庭延续的，然后举了evidence 说不是
　　第三段忘了。。。 by 乔雨 700
【v2】讲的是family和business的联系。
第一段说17,18世纪的North America的family和business之间的联系，很多historians都认为在北美和欧洲的这种business的形式是很常见的，就是intergenerational business，父亲把自己的手艺传给自己的儿子。
第二段反驳了这个观点。说是因为北美的family business还没有做到那么大的程度，很多的family business都是家人一起干的，不是代际之间的交替。所以北美的family business跟欧洲这种business的形式是有本质上的不同。(楼主就记得这一篇了，下次肯定一考完就放狗~~)
　　By YvaineDing
　　【v3】最后一篇是关于17、18世纪北美殖民地的kin和business之间的关系，P1简单介绍，说Kin给business提高资本etc., Business给kin提供employment etc.,总之 mutually beneficial2描述了一个观点然后cited支持这个观点的两个学者(这里有题考了P2的结构)，大概讲的是intergenerational 啥的3提出了新的观点，然后说尽管有不同意见，但是大家都同意importance is decreasing. By fran69 760
　　考古：(已确认)
　　. Family business
　　V1 By tian0119
　　第一篇考的是family bussiness 一共三段
　　第一段讲的是背景知识吧 什么18世纪。。
　　第二段讲的是许多fammily business做的好的家族会怎样。。
　　第三段。。。
　　(有点遗忘。。不好意思。。大概二三段有两个学者的研究。。。希望大家能从我的只言片语中找到线索~考考古~不好意思)
　　V2 By happysorrow
　　还有一篇不知道是说的啥东西，一堆生词。主要是和18世纪的Europe有关的，说当时的business都是以家族为单位吧，第一段上来，开场之后说了 kin和business的关系，kin提供资金之类的，business为kin提供就业之类的。然后第二段就讲一些学者disagree。具体观点包 括有的人认为这种家族式的经济直到19世纪才解散，(后面有出逻辑题目问削弱，我选的是家族里边都找外来的migrant做学徒apprentice)然 后引用了一段话，大概意思是说这种家族的产业dorminate了整个社会还是一个什么范围的政治、经济，这里有出题，好像是理解这句话。然后另外一个学 者也怎么同意这个观点，一句话。第三段开始又讲另一些学者disagree。。就是不同意第二段的观点吧。但是具体内容忘了。。。记得遇到了很多关于态度 的题 ，有一个选了unconfirmed
　　V3 By chasedreammj
　　很长，4题，有一个问题是以下哪个说明某人的某个观点(第二段结尾)，这人说family business 1840年以前就减少了，我选了19世纪初有人请新移民而非家族人
　　最后一段有题，问某两个人都会同意以下哪种，选了家族生意和commercial worldview incompatible
　　讲家族企业的kin什么血缘企业，就是说家族企业在多少世纪占了很重要的角色，后来modern社会出现了，就衰落了，然后好像有人就怀疑他到底在那个世 纪是不是重要的角色，最后一段是说一个人说不重要角色，但实际上是重要的，但他有个观点现代也无法否定(就是支持，这块有题)

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十七题
SECTION B
Recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites found on Earth and long believed to have a Martian origin might actually have been blasted free of Mars’s gravity by the impact on Mars of other meteorites. This conclusion has led to another question: whether meteorite impacts on Earth have similarly driven rocks from this planet to Mars.
According to astronomer S. A. Phinney, kicking a rock hard enough to free it from Earth’s gravity would require a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles across. Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by meteorite impact, Mars’s orbit is much larger than Earth’s, so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars’s rocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical particles would go if ejected from Earth in random directions. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would hit Mars.
17.        The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) presenting an argument to support a particular hypothesis
(B) suggesting an answer to a theoretical question
(C) questioning the assumptions of a research project
(D) criticizing experimental results
(E) explaining the origin of certain scientific data
18.        According to the passage, which of the following events may have initiated the process that led to the presence on Earth of meteorites from Mars?
(A) A meteorite struck the Earth with tremendous velocity.
(B) A meteorite collided with Mars.
(C) Approximately 1,000 rocks were ejected from Mars.
(D) The orbits of Earth and Mars brought the planets to their closest points.
(E) Rocks from a meteorite impact broke free of Earth’s gravity.
19.        The passage suggests that which of the following is true concerning the probability that a rock, if ejected from Mars, will hit the Earth?
(A) The probability is increased when particles are ejected from Mars in random directions.
(B) The probability is increased by the presence of large craters on the surface of Mars.
(C) The probability is decreased when Mars’s orbit brings the planet close to Earth.
(D) The probability is greater than the probability that a rock from Earth will hit Mars.
(E) The probability is less than the probability that a rock from Earth will escape Earth’s gravity.
20.        Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on Phinney’s estimate of the probability of Earth rocks hitting Mars?
(A) Rather than going in random directions, about 25 percent of all particles ejected from Earth go in the same direction into space.
(B) Approximately 100 meteorites large enough to make a noticeable crater hit the Earth each year.
(C) No rocks of Earth origin have been detected on Mars.
(D) The velocity of rocks escaping from Earth’s gravity is lower than the velocity of meteorites hitting the Earth.
(E) No craters more than 60 miles across have been found on Mars.

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十七题
Of the thousands of specimens of meteorites found on Earth and known to science, only about 100 are igneous; that is, they have undergone melting by volcanic action at some time since the planets were first formed. These igneous meteorites are known as achondrites because they lack chondrules—small stony spherules found in the thousands of meteorites (called “chondrites”) composed primarily of unaltered minerals that condensed from dust and gas at the origin of the solar system. Achondrites are the only known samples of volcanic rocks originating outside the Earth-Moon system. Most are thought to have been dislodged by interbody impact from asteroids, with diameters of from 10 to 500 kilometers, in solar orbit between Mars and Jupiter.
Shergottites, the name given to three anomalous achondrites so far discovered on Earth, present scientists with a genuine enigma. Shergottites crystallized from molten rock less than 1.1 billion years ago (some 3.5 billion years later than typical achondrites) and were presumably ejected into space when an object impacted on a body similar in chemical composition to Earth.
While most meteorites appear to derive from comparatively small bodies, shergottites exhibit properties that indicate that their source was a large planet, conceivably Mars. In order to account for such an unlikely source, some unusual factor must be invoked, because the impact needed to accelerate a fragment of rock to escape the gravitational field of a body even as small as the Moon is so great that no meteorites of lunar origin have been discovered.
While some scientists speculate that shergottites derive from Io (a volcanically active moon of Jupiter), recent measurements suggest that since Io’s surface is rich in sulfur and sodium, the chemical composition of its volcanic products would probably be unlike that of the shergottites. Moreover, any fragments dislodged from Io by interbody impact would be unlikely to escape the gravitational pull of Jupiter.
The only other logical source of shergottites is Mars. Space-probe photographs indicate the existence of giant volcanoes on the Martian surface. From the small number of impact craters that appear on Martian lava flows, one can estimate that the planet was volcanically active as recently as a half-billion years ago—and may be active today. The great objection to the Martian origin of shergottites is the absence of lunar meteorites on Earth. An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth-intersecting orbit is even less probable than such an event on the Moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth. A recent study suggests, however, that permafrost ices below the surface of Mars may have altered the effects of impact on it. If the ices had been rapidly vaporized by an impacting object, the expanding gases might have helped the ejected fragments reach escape velocity. Finally, analyses performed by space probes show a remarkable chemical similarity between Martian soil and the shergottites.
21.        The passage implies which of the following about shergottites?
I.        They are products of volcanic activity.
II.        They derive from a planet larger than Earth.
III.        They come from a planetary body with a chemical composition similar to that of Io.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
22.        According to the passage, a meteorite discovered on Earth is unlikely to have come from a large planet for which of the following reasons?
(A) There are fewer large planets in the solar system than there are asteroids.
(B) Most large planets have been volcanically inactive for more than a billion years.
(C) The gravitational pull of a large planet would probably prohibit fragments from escaping its orbit.
(D) There are no chondrites occurring naturally on Earth and probably none on other large planets.
(E) Interbody impact is much rarer on large than on small planets because of the density of the atmosphere on large planets.
23.        The passage suggests that the age of shergottites is probably
(A) still entirely undetermined
(B) less than that of most other achondrites
(C) about 3.5 billion years
(D) the same as that of typical achondrites
(E) greater than that of the Earth
24.        According to the passage, the presence of chondrules in a meteorite indicates that the meteorite
(A) has probably come from Mars
(B) is older than the solar system itself
(C) has not been melted since the solar system formed
(D) is certainly less than 4 billion years old
(E) is a small fragment of an asteroid
25.        The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?
(A) What is the precise age of the solar system?
(B) How did shergottites get their name?
(C) What are the chemical properties shared by shergottites and Martian soils?
(D) How volcanically active is the planet Jupiter?
(E) What is a major feature of the Martian surface?
26.        It can be inferred from the passage that each of the following is a consideration in determining whether a particular planet is a possible source of shergottites that have been discovered on Earth EXCEPT the
(A) planet’s size
(B) planet’s distance from Earth
(C) strength of the planet’s field of gravity
(D) proximity of the planet to its moons
(E) chemical composition of the planet’s surface
27.        It can be inferred from the passage that most meteorites found on Earth contain which of the following?
(A) Crystals
(B) Chondrules
(C) Metals
(D) Sodium
(E) Sulfur

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33题 春节月 jj 考古
【本月原始】logging
【V1】by hsh27
说logging的，就是讲森林烧毁了之后有人logging，但是呢这个logging这个不好啊那个不好啊这样。第二段接着讲不好。然后就结束了。其中第二段开头第一句话的准确意思是说：其实logging清理过后留下branches什么的会比不清理留下一些渣更容易导致wildfire，然后有题问作者可能会同意哪一点，有一个选项就是说清理之后呢会留下更多的燃料短期内会容易导致wildfire，貌似是这样。
【v2】by sangwennb
第四篇是批评文。第一句就是criticize。后面全是批评的理由。批评logging advocator 
我的理解是那个logging advocator要把森林大火后烧死的树给砍走。作者就是要反驳这个行为。理由有几点。有砍死后seeding没有了。还有什么更容易再次着火之类的。最后一篇。一瓶不到。不长也没有好好看。可能理解有误。
【V3】by vivian0606 690
第一段是说最近有一个新研究，是关于树木砍伐的，与传统观点（砍伐树木能够减少火灾危险）不同。该研究发现，砍伐树木会减少natural weeding的数量，并短期内增加火灾危险。然后就开始举研究内容说明第一个观点——减少自然种子的数量，举了一些数字，时间紧就没看完这里，这里有一个考点，replant weeding prefer to？要定位到该段。第二段是说研究内容发现的第二个观点——短期内增加火灾危险。主要是因为砍伐树木会导致很多的branches掉落在地上，然后比不砍伐掉落的多。所以会增加火灾危险。然后科学家说如果想降低火灾危险，就不要砍伐树木，让其自然生长。
问主旨题，我选阐明一个研究。
【V4】by johnnytan131 V22
关于丛林大火之后，就是鸡精第19篇，通常做法是把烧焦的树砍掉，但是这样反而增加了引发后续山火的可能，而且影响了seeding，所以作者驳斥了通常做法，建议山火之后，烧焦的树就好好的放在那，谁也不要碰最好
【V5】by laudia99103
logging不好
（原文意思看机经就可以，很清晰了，问题有四个但是都不难，做得出的，别放弃）
题目：主旨题，（2）环境学家认为logging advocates fail to expect that： 定位第一段开头吧，那里有说”但是，有研究却和logging advocates' expection相反，研究认为logging xxxxx and increases the short-term risk of fire. 选项有一个就是 logging increases the short-term danger of fire

【考古】
【原始】
【V1】by angelcnn
P1 专家认为野外火灾后logging并没有达到预期的效果，因为logging一方面降低了植物的seeding,一方面增加了short-term 火灾的隐患。然后列出数字，说植物在火灾后的自然seeding率是76%，而logging 后的seeding 率降低到了30%。
P2 发生火灾后，logging 使得一些小树枝和大的树干掉在了地上，而这二者温度都很高，很有可能引发短期的火灾。最好的办法就是在人为控制火灾后让这些燃烧剩下的树自生自灭，这些树的灰烬又可以当成肥料。
【V2】人间惟有清欢在
关于森林logging和非logging。传统观点认为logging可以防止森立大火，但作者不同意这种观点。原因记得一个。。因为logging有branches啊神马的反而可能更容易引起fire。
【V3】熊森特
P1：发生了森林火灾之后，人们好像会砍掉被烧毁的树木以达到某种目的。
P2：这样做其实是不好的，做出解释。
【V4】brfmzbjz
有一题是，logging的支持者，没有想到以下哪个情况的出现，我选 有可能造成short-term fire
【考古】
伐木业对森林的影响
【V1】一篇感觉应该是新的, 有一个学者,他的论点跟大多是人不一样.他认为大火过后的不应该logging,俩段,俩个支持点(不长),第一段说logging会kill 那些种子,然后用数据举了一个例记得考试的第一道题,问作者不同意哪个观点,一开始看成他同意哪个观点了,研究了半天,后来发现题目看错了,(汗···这就是不细心的后果···),最后 选A,这道题不好做,感觉要是用排除法做很困难,因为选项里面很多说的都有点模糊,比如有一个选项说logging会杀死自然传播和人工传播的种子,但原 文中没有明确说杀死的是哪个种子,不过正确选项,仔细看一些还是能看出来的,因为它是一个反面的论据,不支持作者观点.
【V2】只记得有个wildfire和砍树还有breeding什么的.两段,不难.
科学家(?)提出了一个与提倡伐木的人相反的观点,提倡伐木的人说wildfire过后把树砍了之类有利于减少短期wildfire risk,但是科学家说这样大大影响了breeding,举了个例子说nature breeding
第二段又举了两个数据,branchs多的地方,火灾风险是XX的四倍,large Branchs 和log 多的地方,风险也比自然情况下大,提出一个lowest wildfire risk strategy (这里有题)我的理解是,就让wildfaire后的那些树尽可能留得久一点(yy的哈)
【V3】说logging其实没有预想中好,更容易导致火灾,最后作者认为不要logging,要让树自然而然,死了就死在那,别管它
【V4】森林火灾后时不时logging.作者不同意这种做法,先比较了两种都受过火灾的地区,没有logging的由于树根能自由发展,比人工撒种繁殖的面积更 广.另外logging的残留物会更容易引起火灾,通常是烧掉debris,但是这样做不好会影响树根的自由发展.最后得出结论不要logging,让 这  些数stay as long as they can. 记得最后一题 是问 作者会同意哪个观点.选那个不建议伐木的选项.这篇文章主要把握住作者认为不logging比logging好 就比较好做了
【V5】两段三题,主题是说反对那些伐木的人,反对砍伐火灾后的森林
P1:第一段说有些人说应该砍伐火灾后的树林,作者反对,举了个例子,火灾后的森林的树木自然落种发芽是700多,砍伐后在人工播种就才200多,
P2:第二段,前半段说伐木后的会留下很多的树木的零碎,森林就跟容易引起火灾(这有题),最后是说应该让树木自己死亡腐烂(这有题)题目不是很难看懂了都觉得能做得出来
【V6】the author of a recent study of blablabla...(当时看了心里就开始骂了,英语真 是有病)题外话....呵呵.
有个人做的调查,发现了一个意外的结果.就是森林大火之后,一般情况下,人家提 倡的是把烧完的木头啊什么的都搬走,但是事实上这样会更容易引发短期的复燃.而 且这样好像会把本来留在土里的树种弄走,不利于森林的再生长.好像本来留在土里 的树种自然长出来的恢复方式比人为地种树恢复方式要好.后面是个具体的数据证 明.本来有NNN个种子,后来人家把烧完的木头搬走以后只剩下MMM个种子了... 大意吧.
第二段是...我忘了...好像是讲复燃的吧...(非常抱歉...真的记不得 了...)但是我清楚记得最后一句话是说最好的办法是干吗干吗干吗,这样可以即 减少复燃的可能性又可以保持最多的树种...
问题么,一个是文章讲了什么,选项里有说介绍了一个方法啊,讨论了一个矛盾现象 啊,提出建议什么的...总之是主旨题,我觉得自己没做对,所以也不说自己的答 案误导大家了.(反正也没记住自己选了啥)....还有一个么说作者应该会同意 以下哪个做法,我也没记住...真是对不住...我再好好想想.

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在哪里  呢

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十七、Planet 上的crater消失的问题疑似原文
og13 p370

kellyrowland

谢谢楼主！！~~~太辛苦了

xiaohua1984

無限感恩！

miaomiao1009

亲爱的主页君，可以把频率统计放在jj的文档里面嘛，谢谢拉

Gniu

感谢分享！