对ETS的逻辑不太了解,所以用高中里学的一点知识试着解释一下: 句子补充完整以后应该是: (Being) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has lived in England and Canada, and (she) first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop. (Being) Born in Calcutta in 1940, 在这里做的是伴随状语,类似的还有: 1。Generally speaking, bla... bla... 2。The girl came in, following her parents. 伴随状语可以放在句前或者句后,视句子意思而定,当放在句子前面时being可以省略。being born 省略being是最典型的一个例子。 至于而后面的一半,我觉得本身这句句子就是介绍 Bharati Mukherjee 这个人的,也就是站在现在的角度看她的经历,所以用has也不很奇怪啊。如果我把句子改成: she has lived in England, Canada and America, and (she) first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop. 你会不会觉得这里用has lived更恰当一些呢?前者讲的是经历,后者也是经历,只是一个是持续的过程,而另一个是瞬间的过程,所以用了不同的时态。 以上是我的理解,请牛牛指正。:)
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