og13 sc 35题 时态问题和“comma+Ving"

alexdesire

hello 各位~ 求问：og13 sc 35题

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

1. 有by 1940这个 past time marker不是应该用过去完成时吗？

2. C如果 改成 earning them when....... 正确吗？根据OG的解释貌似是还是错误的，说“earning is close to the records, not to J C, making this sentence hard to process."

但是我在CD上看一个Ving修饰用法总结 里面提到 ”四，SVO,V-ing 是 verb modifier, 切记 绝对没有noun-modify“，也就是不会有修饰records的作用.
所以为什么这样理解： “，Ving”修饰主句的动作， 就是held 17...records， 表伴随， 解释是在什么情况下取得这些记录的？

Amber.C

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.

(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were （correct）

考点：V－ing    &  when   &  so... that  
B/C改为 earning them at a time when aviation was still so new that for many of the planes she flew were of dangerously experimental design（表伴随）这样才正确。
这题和hold没有太大关系。
如果要用hold来考虑，分析如下：
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records
将1940视作一个时间点，到1940为止Jacqueline拿了17个记录，作者用了过去时而非完成时，说明作者只想表明那个时间点，而非时间段，对于1940来说hold这个单词在这个时间点是成立的，但是earning不是这个时间点能够实现的，earning需要的时间段。比如：小猪花了3年（1991/2/1-1993/2/1）长了100斤，那么在1993/2/1，小猪秤了下重130斤。长这个行为需要时间段，而秤重这个动作就那么一个时间点。

Amber.C

就GMAT论GMAT，by xxxx (year)，所修饰的动词可以用很多种时态，这取决于
（1）上下文，即句子的意思（SC只有一句话）；
（2）联系实际，即及时脑补（不是CR，要适当考虑）。
过去时，如题：By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records....... 为啥不是完成时呢？参考OG669：1940是个明确的时间点，而不是in the first 3 months of last year （谁知道last year到底是哪年？）；结合上下文明显是没有持续到现在。
完成时：现在完成时（略）。过去完成时By 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year. 1945年二战啊，二战应该没打到现在吧～。

alexdesire

AgendaChen 发表于 2014-8-1 10:13
呃，疑惑是为什么OG上说earning 有修饰最近名词的嫌疑

og的一些解释……就无视吧

AgendaChen

alexdesire 发表于 2014-7-31 22:00
首先earning做状语，修饰整个主句的action，逻辑主语是主句主语
（1）我们中文里经常简单说表伴随，但用 ...

呃，疑惑是为什么OG上说earning 有修饰最近名词的嫌疑

alexdesire

AgendaChen 发表于 2014-7-31 18:22
关于时态我想讨论一下
Bv 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year，你列出来的这个句 ...

首先earning做状语，修饰整个主句的action，逻辑主语是主句主语
（1）我们中文里经常简单说表伴随，但用英文解释应该是“the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action”，也就是表伴随的这个动作必须要 SUBORDINATE to the main action
held records 和 earn 之间不是从属的关系，而是equal importance，是彼此独立的两个动作，所以不能用“，Ving”，而应该用连词and
（2）创造(earn)纪录是一个瞬间，而保持(held)纪录是一种状态——时间段：从第一次earn这个动作点开始，持续到1940.时间段中又有多次的创造(earn)纪录的时间点。 瞬间的动作和状态是不simultaneous的，不能主句是从A到B的时间段，然后用v-ing来描述A这个起始的时间点。
经典表伴随的例句： i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
其实ran 和 flap，说是两个动作，但其实是一件事，只是flap处于low priority
所以从语义上分析也不能用earning

AgendaChen

alexdesire 发表于 2014-7-10 09:58
谢谢回帖！！！！！！！！！！

1. baby姐的回帖中提到held不是瞬间动词而是表状态的词诶：

关于时态我想讨论一下
Bv 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year，你列出来的这个句子
我们这样分析一下，by 1945是给出了一个过去的时间点，for several yearsg给出了一个时间段，这个两个都是做时间状语修饰be动词，因此，我们可以用过去完成时
原句中，by 1940仅仅就只是一个过去的时间点，而且原句本意也不是想强调the pilot一直保持着这个记录，原句只是在叙述the pilot有这么多记录的一个事实，所以我觉得held是没有问题的

至于V-ing那个，我也存在疑惑，所以我来CD上找答案，不知道楼主现在有什么见解？

alexdesire

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-10 14:44
请forget掉我之前说的瞬间动词的内容
因为我查了下 可能hold在做”举办“讲的时候才算瞬间动作

好窝 谢谢你！！！

但仍希望有人能帮我解释一下GMAT的这个游戏规则……open to discussion~

brfmzbjz

alexdesire 发表于 2014-7-10 14:15
保持纪录，既然是保持，就是指在一段时间内持续，这不是可延续的动作吗？ ...

请forget掉我之前说的瞬间动词的内容
因为我查了下 可能hold在做”举办“讲的时候才算瞬间动作

我bing搜了一下
hold the records 用完成时态虽然少，但是也还是有

所以我估计either way应该都是ok的

GMAT是制定游戏规则的
所以它说对的 那在它的体系里就一定是对的
至少我们可以learn from the correct answer

alexdesire

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-10 10:15
1.我没学习过”表状态“这个说法
但是我觉得你可以通过去理解这个动词是不是可延续的，来判断
很明显， h ...

保持纪录，既然是保持，就是指在一段时间内持续，这不是可延续的动作吗？