【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

MIA926

20150903 CR小分队-12

【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious thanpeople who do not have high blood pressure. This fact show that this particularcombination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—islikely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the groundsthat the argument
                                           ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlationbetween personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正确 因果反了
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part ofpeople who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability touse electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt tomake purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electricvehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventionalcar for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not neededfor extended trips.  无关
(B) Because a majority ofcommuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of makinggood the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electricvehicles. 正确
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electricvehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car usecharacteristic of commuters. 加强
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use,generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's batterycan burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for makingshort local trips, such as to do errands. 无关
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near DumawCreek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicatesthat the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, thecamp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods werefound at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would havereached the area before the European traders themselves did. 无关
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliablydated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 正确 有因必有果

(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have beenconsidered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss ordestruction.  错误 但还是没有解决是不是1630以后的
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the firstEuropean explorers. 无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonallyfor a few years and then abandoned.  削弱

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars overfive years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutantsthan newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its firstautomobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aimingto boost Torinia's economyand reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentivesfor Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them withnew ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the plannedincentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians whoown an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generatesmaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car modelsmanufactured elsewhere.  无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to othercountries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobileemissions, but emissions from power plants. 还是可以减少
(E) The manufacture andthe scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.正确

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insectsin exactly theright numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too manyeggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other tothe death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions ofthe host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the informationabove?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp couldtheoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.正确
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses againstthe form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. 没提
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into theeggs of different host species. 新信息 不知道怎么学会的
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasplarvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 新消息
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 新消息