【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-4】

纳丁Cat

balapupu.发现你在我们酒店管理的群里呢~ 我是乌比back~~

先占个，明天来做

纳丁Cat

8-30
1.  最后没读懂呢
Which of the following best completes the passage below?
One tax-reform proposal that has gained increasing support in recent years is the flat tax, which would impose a uniform tax rate on incomes at every level. Opponents of the flat tax say that a progressive tax system, which levies a higher rate of taxes on higher-income taxpayers, is fairer, placing the greater burden on those better able to bear it. However, the present crazy quilt of tax deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes benefits primarily the high-income taxpayer, who is consequently able to reduce his or her effective tax rate, often to a level below that paid by the lower-income taxpayer. Therefore, ______
Loophole漏眼
前提：有人支持统一税，有人支持渐进税。但是有钱人常常把他该交的税降到穷人之下。

结论：渐进税不如统一税。
Answer：the progressive nature of our present tax system is more illusory than real. 总结上文

2. 35s
After the national speed limit of 55miles per hour was imposed in 1974, the number of deaths per mile driven on a highway fell abruptly as a result. Since then, however, the average speed of vehicles on highways has risen, but the number of deaths per mile driven on a highway has continued to fall.
Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?
前提：限速之后，平均速度上升了，但死亡率在下降。

结论：限速有助于降低死亡率。
Answer：The speed limit alone is probably not responsible for the continued reduction in highway death since the years after 1974. 总结上文

3. 25
Neighboring landholders: Air pollutionfrom the giant aluminum refinery that has been built next to our land iskilling our plants.
Company spokesperson: The refinery is notto blame, since our study shows that the damage is due to insects and fungi
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion drawn by the company spokesperson?
邻居：新修的那个厂在杀我们的植物！
厂发言人：不怪我们，是那个fungi

削弱：厂子的污染助长了fungi
Answer：Air pollutionfrom the refinery has changed the chemical balance in the plants’ environment,allowing the harmful insects and fungi to thrive. 结论削弱

4. 65s
.[GWD #29-Q28]Astronomer: Observations of theShoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showed that the cometbroke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they didnot show how big those fragments were. In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomersstudied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere.  These analyses revealed unprecedented tracesof sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almostcertainly contained no sulfur, but many astronomers believe that the cloudlayer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur.  Since sulfur would have seeped into the outeratmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud layer, it is likelythat some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed throughJupiter's outer atmosphere without being burned up.
问题：科学家不知道木星的旁边的碎片有好大。
前提：一次探索发现碎片上有硫，而碎片自己没有没有硫，木星下层的大气里有。
结论：这个碎片大的可以进入木星。  

前句是支持结论的条件，后句是结论。
The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion 拆分结构