[求助]GWD 32 Q27未见有人讨论过

xyloaries

There is widespread belief thatthe emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surgein industrial research. A recent study of important inventions madesince the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product ofindividual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrialresearch. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products asnylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, theautomatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, andstreptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television,silicones, and Plexiglas (Plexiglas: n.树脂玻璃(多用以制造飞机座舱罩、镜片等)) were developed through the combined effortsof individuals and laboratory teams.
Despite these finding, we areurged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates anenvironment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independentinventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the importantresearch needed to improve our standard of living while protecting ourdiminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with itsprodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce thetechnological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examineexpenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent eachyear in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government.More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into militaryresearch and product development, accounting for the enormous increase inspending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, andelectronics. There are those who consider it questionable that thesedefense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living ordo much to protect our diminishing resources.
Recent history has demonstratedthat we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuatedby competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect ofthe process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the newbusiness structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in ahighly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investmentin innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance frommanagement and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization,and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate themonopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scaleenterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and securecircumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the statusquo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases,industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capitalloss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technologicalprogress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant andcapital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products,investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.
     Theconglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitivepressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with anotherindustrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures forinnovation.

It can beinferred from the passage that the author
(A) has little confidence in the ability of monopolisticindustry to produce the important inventions of the future

(B) would rather see the federal government spend moneyon social services than on the defense establishment
(C) favors a conservative approach to innovation andplaces trust in conglomerates to provide efficient production
(D) feels that price should still be the dominantvariable in the competitive process
(E) believes that excessive competition is a deterrentto innovation

答案是A，可是我更倾向于B。文中虽然说大的企业集团不会投入巨大的资金进行研发，但更多的是说这些企业集团是出于战略考虑，而没有置疑它们的实际能力。
而在第二段的最后一句，作者明确置疑政府在国防上的投入无法保证人民生活的改善和正在减少的资源，有蛮强的倾向性的。


请指教，文章有点长，多谢了！

juliezxp

顶！A为什么对啊？

juliezxp

虽然不知道为什么选A，不过对B来说，第二段最后一句是说有些人认为，不是作者认为。。。

renco

除了A以外没有一个是在探讨文章主旨的 剩下的都是细节 没A好

miaomiao5973

我认为的B选项哈~~~
首先，B选项和文章的主旨不符合，如3楼所说，文章所强调的不是说政府应该把钱投资到哪方面。其次，第二段最后一句是说了人们的质疑，但这并不能代表作者更愿意看到政府把钱花在社会服务上。
至于正确选项A，首先，它是和文章主旨相关的，其次，第三段中多处表明了作者的没有信心。例如，Large-scale enterpreses tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances，以及resist the threat implicit in change等