prep-2-20

heyii · 发表于 2007-12-4 09:05:00

Essay #6.
196 (22098-!-item-!-188;#058&00196-00)

According to P. F. Drucker, the management
philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is designed to be
adopted consistently throughout an organization and to improve customer service
by using sampling theory to reduce the variability of a product's quality, can
work successfully in conjunction with two older management systems. As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach
is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the
"rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational
structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological
emphases of the "human relations" school of management.

However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these
systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems. Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares
with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM
requires fundamentally different strategies.
While the other management systems referred to use upper management
decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits
over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders,
and customers as convergent. For
example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an
organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting
employees and owners. TQM's emphasis on
shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated
production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the
benefits of TQM.

Question #20.
196-05 (22190-!-item-!-188;#058&000196-05)

Which of the following best describes the
relationship of the second paragraph to the first paragraph?

(A) It presents contrasting explanations for a
phenomenon presented in the first paragraph.

(B) It discusses an exception to a general
principle outlined in the first paragraph.

(C) It provides information that qualifies a claim
presented in the first paragraph.

(D) It presents an example that strengthens a
claim presented in the first paragraph.

(E) It presents an alternative approach to solving
a problem discussed in the first paragraph.

选C，我选的B.虽然我觉得B也不好。

第二段怎么会是支持第一段的claim呢？
第一段说了一个结论：D说了TQM这个东东和另外两个融合好。
第二段一开头就来个however...然后就说了TQM不能很容易的和其他的两种融合。然后讲了他们的虽然目标一致，但是策略不一致。最后总结了采用TQM的人是怎么achieve benefit of TQM。。。

luckyminnie · 发表于 2007-12-4 09:39:00

According to ..., the management philosophy known as Total Quality Management (TQM), which is .... As Drucker notes, TQM's scientific approach is consistent with the statistical sampling techniques of the "rationalist" school of scientific management, and the organizational structure associated with TQM is consistent with the social and psychological emphases of the "human relations" school of management.

However, TQM cannot simply be grafted onto these systems or onto certain other non-TQM management systems. Although, as Drucker contends, TQM shares with such systems the ultimate objective of increasing profitability, TQM requires fundamentally different strategies. While the other management systems referred to use upper management decision-making and employee specialization to maximize shareholder profits over the short term, TQM envisions the interests of employees, shareholders, and customers as convergent. For example, lower prices not only benefit consumers but also enhance an organization's competitive edge and ensure its continuance, thus benefiting employees and owners. TQM's emphasis on shared interests is reflected in the decentralized decision-making, integrated production activity, and lateral structure of organizations that achieve the benefits of TQM.

The second paragraphy simply provides information that qualifies the claim presented in the first paragraph.

QUALIFY 这里的意思应该是限制,限定的意思吧..以前做RC的时候遇到过QUALIFIED APPROVAL就是不完全接受赞成,有一定的观点上的分歧的意思.