[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day7

Muqierrrrr

Day 7
1.       牛奶 空的
学校食堂把牛奶carton换成牛奶袋之后发现收餐的时候 牛奶袋比之前的牛奶carton平均都会空许多(容量前后不变)， 然后得出结论是换成牛奶袋增加了学生的牛奶摄入量
问这个argument depends on which assumption

牛奶剩的少就是喝的多？有没有可能倒掉？

所以assumption应该是倒掉的量前后一样
2.       医药公司（今日份送分题）
医药公司claim他们的广告是为了educate patients (重点），但是现实中因为规定广告说出效果就需要说出反效果，所以很多医药广告都其实没怎么说他到底是什么效果。结论问，可以从这个推出什么结论。

没达到教育效果？他们的claim没做到
3.       海洋生物
About 2.8 millionyears ago, many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantialpopulation declines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age. Thenotion that cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided,however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little. Nevertheless, the coldprobably did cause the population declines, though indirectly. However, any bottom-dwellers depended for food onplankton, small organisms that lived close to the surface and sank to thebottom when they died. Most probably, the plankton suffered a severepopulation decline as a result of sharply lower temperatures at the surface,depriving many bottom-dwellers of food.
In thepaleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of thefollowing roles?
(A) The firstintroduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is ajudgment offered in spelling out that hypothesis
(B) The firstintroduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist; the second is aposition that the paleontologist opposes.
(C) The first is anexplanation challenged by the paleontologist; the second is an explanationproposed by the paleontologist.
(D) The first is ajudgment advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist; thesecond is that conclusion.

(E) The first is ageneralization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certainexceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.