OG passage20 两道题请教一下谢谢

小女公子

04-04/20

Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged

as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth

century; by then, modern sanitation was able to delay

exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at

(10) which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previ-

ously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it

typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis.

Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics

indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic.

这句话暗含的意思是不是，提高卫生条件可以预防伤寒，

同时也造成了人们更容易瘫痪？？

119. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation

would make which of the following most likely to

occur?

(A) An outbreak of Lyme disease

(B) An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever

(C) An epidemic of typhoid

(D) An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants

(E) An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents

and adults

我选了D  OG说，D错在polio并不一定引发瘫痪。我想请问如果把PARALYTIC去掉，D是不是就可以选了呢？

123. Which of the following best describes the organization

of the passage?

(A) A paradox is stated, discussed and left unresolved.

(B) Two opposing explanations are presented, argued,

and reconciled.

(C) A theory is proposed and is then followed by

descriptions of three experiments that support the

theory.

(D) A generalization is stated and is then followed by

three instances that support the generalization.

(E) An argument is described and is then followed by

three counterexamples that refute the argument.

用排除法做的。当时有点犹豫是因为generalization表示了一种普遍认识，

但是从文章开头觉得是一种不太为大众所知的观点。所以下不了手。

请问generalization是不是使用恰当呢？换成new view是不是要好点？

文章开头这样说

Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses

can lead to epidemics, some epidemics are caused by

bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant

genetic change.

EASYSUMMER

这句话暗含的意思是不是，提高卫生条件可以预防伤寒，

同时也造成了人们更容易瘫痪？？我认为就是这个意思。

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

119. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation

would make which of the following most likely to

occur?

(A) An outbreak of Lyme disease

(B) An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever

(C) An epidemic of typhoid

(D) An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants

(E) An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents

and adults

我选了D  OG说，D错在polio并不一定引发瘫痪。我想请问如果把PARALYTIC去掉，D是不是就可以选了呢？

－－－ 仍然不对，这里POLOO是Poliomyelitis的缩写，所以必须选typhoid

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

(D) A generalization is stated and is then followed by

three instances that support the generalization.

这里应该意思是“概括，概述”的意思。

继续讨论。。

小女公子

以下是引用EASYSUMMER在2005-4-5 1:33:00的发言：

119. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation

would make which of the following most likely to

occur?

(A) An outbreak of Lyme disease

(B) An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever

(C) An epidemic of typhoid

(D) An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants

(E) An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents

and adults

我选了D  OG说，D错在polio并不一定引发瘫痪。我想请问如果把PARALYTIC去掉，D是不是就可以选了呢？

－－－ 仍然不对，这里POLOO是Poliomyelitis的缩写，所以必须选typhoid

by then, modern sanitation was able to delay

exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at

(10) which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previ-

ously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it

typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis.

可是文章在这里说polio被delay到adulthood了，而在以前，infection occurred during infancy….我觉得可以推出卫生条件不好的时候，polio among infants..

Open to discuss

IceOnMe

建议看下以前的帖子,携隐JJ有翻译过,差不多可以理解了

找不到的话我再告诉你~

swlfx

where?

oleole

刚好做到这里,和大家一起探讨一下,其实答案都在原文短短的一句话里,只是不太好理解原理

Thus, the hygiene (that helped prevent typhoid epidemics) indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic

先详尽分析一下,分两部分:

前部分主要解释hygiene [that prevent typhoid] 可以防止typhoid(伤寒)得易于hygiene(卫生), 即改善过的卫生条件, 作用是限定修饰hygiene

后部分hygiene foster paralytic polio epidemic, 这种改善了的卫生条件却indirectly 促张了paralytic polio epidemic, 原理其实前面已经详述过了

modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis

现代卫生条件使得infant的时候感染机会相对减少,但是偏偏infant的时候若被感染,更容易产生免疫和抗体,年长了则不会,所以导致一旦年长了被感染, 就很有可能导致瘫痪或麻痹症. 这真是一个很有趣的矛盾,为了解决这个矛盾,所以我们小时候都打过小儿麻痹症预防针,其实和乙肝等预防作用一样,就是感染适量病菌,使人体产生抗体,很多免疫体一旦产生,是终身免疫的,如麻痹症.

这题比较BT的就是括号里(that….typhoid..)突然引入一个无关名词,造成混乱,特别是和D选项还吻合的非常完美,很容易被定位为正确答案.其实,即使没有读清楚逻辑关系,也不应该做错, 本句主干: 1. Hygiene helped prevent typhoid, 2. Hygiene fostered paralytic polio

很显然,缺少modern sanction=modern hygiene, 取反: typhoid容易发生, p-p不容易发生, C为正确选项. 一个在原文里毫不重要的从句部分和名词概念确成为了正确答案,难怪让大家大跌眼镜.

讽刺的是这么一个让大家绞尽脑汁也没弄清出原理的题目(我也是研究了N多遍才明白一二),其实当看到 "Hygiene helped prevent typhoid" 时就可以得出答案了

可见ETS的正确答案会毫无争议的来自全文,尊重作者,所以保持"傻瓜心态"反而更有宜于得到正确答案,有时偏偏是我们在似懂非懂的情况下加入了过多自己的逻辑推理反而使得难以作出抉择.很多题目是不需要完全弄懂原文就可以解答的,特别是科普类.

另: 有人提到D若没有paralytic可选否,其实仍然不可取, 原文用到了infection, 而并没有说到epidemic among infant, 反而只是强调infant易产生immunity,可见是不会造成polio的  

sammaijgd

这题我也是一 看到modern sanitation就回原文定位,没曾想原文还在那个位置有这么两个词,结果就在那两个词那周围推来推去,结果在错误答案里面选择一个好点的.再多看两句,就好了

结论,自己不够注意,ETS够阴

hhl3000

oleole说的真好

司香尉

oleoled:

另: 有人提到D若没有paralytic可选否,其实仍然不可取, 原文用到了infection, 而并没有说到epidemic among infant, 反而只是强调infant易产生immunity,可见是不会造成polio的  

我不同意以上说法，文章是说婴儿时期感染了polio后才会有终身免疫能力，而不是说infant易产生immunity。我认为如果没有卫生学的话，婴儿期间就会得polio，但是不会瘫痪，而且终身有免疫能力不会瘫痪，所以D若没有paralytic可选。