GWD 4-16 题 Historian:Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques tha

蓝山六六

Historian:Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautiousconclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’scalculus concepts and techniques are presented.

Inthe historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
(A) The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historiandefends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposingposition.
(B) The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historiandefends; the second is that position.
(C) The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawnto provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; thesecond provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
(D) The firstis evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historiancriticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s ownposition.
(E) The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historiancriticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

这道题我不太明白的是第二个黑体部分我觉得应该是个conclusion 或者 position 什么的，为什么正确答案说它是个 evidence. 这个到底怎么区分啊？

蓝山六六

补充下，黑体的分别是 “the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques”  和 “ Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’scalculus concepts and techniques are presented.”
答案是D

beatabear

因为historian的结论是“more cautious conclusion is called for”。后面那个黑体字是为了解释为什么需要更加谨慎的结论：因为只有一部分莱布尼兹的理论是参照牛顿的理论而得来的，所以说traditional view对牛顿和莱布尼兹理论的看法有一部分是对的，有一部分是错的，仅仅说traditonal wrong不够严谨。

我也刚刚才想明白～这个题主要关键是理解however前后的转折关系～