【Native Speaker每日综合训练—32系列】【32-19】经管

olivia瓜瓜

Official weibo: http://weibo.com/u/3476904471

Part I: Speaker

Article 1   

Aimee Mullins :It's not fair having 12 pairs of legs

[Rephrase 1]

[Speech, 10:02]



Source ： TED

http://www.ted.com/talks/aimee_mullins_prosthetic_aesthetics.html

olivia瓜瓜

  Part II: Speed                        
Article 2              

Tourism and the trade balance

[Time 2]

China has the world’s biggest trade deficit—in services

Not long ago, China’s cheap currency and its large current-account surplus were the biggest controversies in global economics. American policymakers accused China of manipulating its currency for competitive gain and flew to Beijing to convey their displeasure. Some commentators blamed the global financial crisis on China’s surplus and its accumulation of safe American bonds, which encouraged America’s financial industry to invent lucrative, but toxic, substitutes. After the crisis, they then blamed China’s surplus for America’s failure to export its way out of trouble.

The controversy has never entirely disappeared, but it has diminished. Having peaked at over 10% of GDP in 2007 (see chart), the surplus narrowed to just over 2% of GDP ($189 billion) last year, according to figures released last week. China’s exports of goods vastly exceeded its imports, as always. But this imbalance was partially offset by another component of trade: services. At $122 billion in 2013, China’s services deficit is by far the biggest in the world.

What lies behind this big gap? One industry stands out: tourism. Five years ago, China earned a surplus from cross-border travel. Visitors from outside the mainland spent more in China than the mainland’s own travellers spent overseas. But the number of arrivals fell last year by 2.5%. Meanwhile the number of China’s outbound tourists rose by 18%. As a result, China’s deficit in travel spending rose to $80 billion in 2013, points out Thilo Hanemann of the Rhodium Group, a research firm.

[263 words]

[Time 3]

Such trends suggest that China’s surplus could narrow further. Zhang Zhiwei of Nomura thinks it will drop to 0.4% of GDP by 2015. This will be helped by a less competitive yuan. Last year China’s exchange rate, weighted by trade and adjusted for inflation, rose by over 7%, according to the Bank for International Settlements. Only the Icelandic krona and Israeli shekel rose more. The yuan’s rise is even more dramatic when compared with the countries it competes against in world markets. Their currencies have mostly plunged since America’s Federal Reserve said it would slow down its asset purchases. China’s has continued to strengthen.

Yet despite these trends, China’s surplus can still generate disagreement. Stephen Green of Standard Chartered predicts that it will widen again in 2014, helped by an increase in global demand. Strong export figures in January seem to support this view, assuming the numbers were not flattered by faulty invoicing and a rush to fulfil orders before the Chinese New Year. Mr Green argues that the surplus will increase to 3.6% of China’s GDP this year. That does not sound too dramatic. But, as he points out, China’s economy is now far bigger than it was when it was causing so much international consternation. Thus a surplus worth 3.6% of GDP this year could be bigger in dollar terms than the 10% surplus in 2007. In other words, he writes, 2014 is likely to be the year when China’s balance of payments re-emerges as a problem for the world.

[271 words]

Source : Economist
http://www.economist.com/news/china/21596568-china-has-worlds-biggest-trade-deficitin-services-number-great-import?zid=306&ah=1b164dbd43b0cb27ba0d4c3b12a5e227

Article 3              

Five Ways to Prevent Burnout and Live a Balanced Life

[Time 4]

I’m back! I hope you had a lovely Thanksgiving. My invited research presentation in England went super well and I had a great trip to Italy—amazing places. Today we’re going to talk about five ways to prevent burnout. Four of them have to do with living a balanced life.

                                                                          Sharpen the Saw: Live a Balanced Life

Stephen Covey (1989) describes the concept of “sharpening the saw.” After repeated use and without proper care, a saw will become dull and unable to perform its function of cutting wood. Can you imagine how difficult it would be to cut down a tree with a dull saw? It can be just the same with us if we do not take care of ourselves and live a balanced life—we become like the dull saw and are not able to effectively tackle all the tasks that surround us. We have to fight our natural tendency to want to throw every ounce of our time and energy at the daunting tasks ahead. Instead, we need to take out some time each day to be balanced—these investments will pay large dividends for your overall ability to be productive since a sharp saw can cut infinitely better than a dull one. I believe there are four main areas in which we should try to spend some time to stay in balance: physical health, intellectual stimulation, self-introspection, and social interaction. Here are some ideas for being balanced in as time efficient manner as possible:

[257 words]

[Time 5]

Physical Health

Our normal work does not require much in the way of physical requirements, in fact, we’re pretty sedentary. In Publish and Prosper, I point out that “Putting off adequate physical exercise will catch up to you both in the short term and in the long run. In the short term, physical exercise is always worth the time that it takes because it helps relievestress (for a review, see Salmon, 2001) and helps your mind to more effectively process information. In the long run, keeping your body in shape will extend your life and the time you have to pursue your careergoals” (p. 67). Here are some ideas for fitting exercise into a busy schedule:

1. Bike to work. If you live between 1 and 5 miles from campus, you may consider biking. With the parking situation at most universities, it could save you money and may be just as fast or faster than driving. Plus, you ensure that you get a workout each day that doesn’t take extra time out of your busy schedule.

2. Use university health facilities. Chances are that you are paying for these amazing gyms, why not use them. You could bring a book or article to read as you do a cardio workout.

3. Get enough sleep. If you are sleep deprived, you probably aren’t working to your capacity. Doctors recommend 7-8 hours.

4. Pack a lunch. You will be amazed at how much money you can save and how much healthier you will eat if you regularly pack a lunch to work. Make sure to include some fruit and

veggies in your lunch.
[279 words]

[Time 6]                 

Intellectual Stimulation

You are probably already doing a lot to work your mind. However, don’t limit yourself to just your area of research focus or even your particular field of study. You’ll be a much more interesting conversation partner and will keep your mind sharp with new ideas through audio books or podcasts. You can keep up on current events and burn through several books that will help you improve yourself and your perspective all while exercising, commuting, cleaning, or doing other mundane tasks that you needed to do anyway. Your public library will be an excellent resource and you can also download books that are in the public domain for free through sources such as LibriVox. Keep reading both within and outside your discipline.

Self-Introspection

According to Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth living.” Take some time each week for reflection and self-introspection. This could include journaling, going out in nature, meditating, praying or readingreligious texts (if you are religious), or doing some other activity that will help you engage in self-introspection. Looking at the broader picture of your life will keep you going and pay huge dividends.

Social Interaction

Research can be very isolating at times and we all need to recharge our batteries by regular interactions with people who care about us. You may consider joining a volunteer organization to both broaden your social network and provide you with a meaningful way to serve other human beings. Consider building your talents and gifts while interacting with others by joining a public speaking club (www.Toastmasters.com), asports teams, or a choir, taking art or music classes, etc. These types of opportunities can enrich you both personally and socially. Finally, remember that close friends and family members spell love T-I-M-E. Just as a garden will wither and die without water and attention, your most important relationships will not last without your time and attention. Nobody on their deathbed ever wished that they’d spent more time at the office.

Keeping up with your physical, mental, self-introspective, and social needs will be worth the time you invest and will refresh you and keep you going on your career path!

[370 words]

[Rest ]   

Celebrate Your Victories

Sometimes we are so focused on the next goal that we fail to adequately celebrate the great milestones of achievement we have made. In Publish and Prosper I write, “When you celebrate your achievements, it is like waving a large carrot in front of yoursubconscious, which can then help push you on to even greater heights of accomplishment” (p. 73). Conversely, when we fail to celebrate our accomplishments we can often lose our drive and get burned out. Make it an extremely pleasant experience next time to reach your next milestone and you’ll find yourself motivated to continue to strive for more.

Space is limited in a blog, but in my book I go into a lot more detail on each of these points and also discuss how attending academic conferences can do a lot to prevent burnout for three key reasons. On Thursday I will discuss the power both in being mentored and being a good mentor and how you can excel in both roles.

Take Action

To prevent becoming like this guy in the picture, take action now! On my website you can access a free download that will help you to apply the principles I discussed in today’s blog post. These exercises will guide you through the process of becoming more balanced and celebrating your victories. From thewebsite, click on "Book Exercise Downloads" and then click on "Chapter 10 Wrap up Exercises."  Until Thursday, happy writing!

[250 words]

Source: Psychologytoday
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/publish-and-prosper/201312/five-ways-prevent-burnout-and-live-balanced-life

olivia瓜瓜

Part III: Obstacle

Article4      

The English empire
A growing number of firms worldwide are adopting English as their official language

[Paraphrase 7]

YANG YUANQING, Lenovo’s boss, hardly spoke a word of English until he was about 40: he grew up in rural poverty and read engineering at university. But when Lenovo bought IBM’s personal-computer division in 2005 he decided to immerse himself in English: he moved his family to North Carolina, hired a language tutor and—the ultimate sacrifice—spent hours watching cable-TV news. This week he was in São Paulo, Brazil, for a board meeting and an earnings call: he conducted all his business in English except for a briefing for the Chinese press.

Lenovo is one of a growing number of multinationals from the non-Anglophone world that have made English their official language. The fashion began in places with small populations but global ambitions such as Singapore (which retained English as its lingua franca when it left the British empire in 1963), the Nordic countries and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish engineering giant, once described its official language as “poor English”. The practice spread to the big European countries: numerous German and French multinationals now use English in board meetings and official documents.

Audi may use a German phrase—Vorsprung durch Technik, or progress through engineering—in its advertisements, but it is impossible to progress through its management ranks without good English. When Christoph Franz became boss of Lufthansa in 2011 he made English its official language even though all but a handful of the airline’s 50 most senior managers were German.

The Académie française may be prickly about the advance of English. But there is no real alternative as a global business language. The most plausible contender, Mandarin Chinese, is one of the world’s most difficult to master, and least computer-friendly. It is not even universal in China: more than 400m people there do not speak it.

Corporate English is now invading more difficult territory, such as Japan. Rakuten, a cross between Amazon and eBay, and Fast Retailing, which operates the Uniqlo fashion chain, were among the first to switch. Now they are being joined by old-economy companies such as Honda, a carmaker, and Bridgestone, a tyremaker. Chinese firms are proving harder to crack: they have a huge internal market and are struggling to recruit competent managers of any description, let alone English-speakers. But some are following Lenovo’s lead. Huawei has introduced English as a second language and encourages high-flyers to become fluent. Around 300m Chinese are taking English lessons.

There are some obvious reasons why multinational companies want a lingua franca. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions. Such steps are especially important to companies in Japan, where the population is shrinking.
There are less obvious reasons too. Rakuten’s boss, Hiroshi Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thinking because it is free from the status distinctions which characterise Japanese and other Asian languages. Antonella Mei-Pochtler of the Boston Consulting Group notes that German firms get through their business much faster in English than in laborious German. English can provide a neutral language in a merger: when Germany’s Hoechst and France’s Rhône-Poulenc combined in 1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be run in English, in part to avoid choosing between their respective languages.

Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Business School says that “Englishnisation”, a word she borrows from Mr Mikitani, can stir up a hornet’s nest of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-confidence, worry about their job security, clam up in meetings or join a guerrilla resistance that conspires in its native language. Cliques of the fluent and the non-fluent can develop. So can lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary of GE took it to court for requiring them to read internal documents in English; the firm received a hefty fine. In all, a policy designed to bring employees together can all too easily have the opposite effect.

Ms Neeley argues that companies must think carefully about implementing a policy that touches on so many emotions. Senior managers should explain to employees why switching to English is so important, provide them with classes and conversation groups, and offer them incentives to improve their fluency, such as foreign postings. Those who are already proficient in English should speak more slowly and refrain from dominating conversations. And managers must act as referees and enforcers, resolving conflicts and discouraging staff from reverting to their native tongues. Mr Mikitani, who was a fluent English speaker himself, at first told his employees to pay for their own lessons and gave them two years to become fluent, on pain of demotion or even dismissal. He later realised that he had been too harsh, and started providing lessons on company time.

Nuance and emotion, or waffle?

Intergovernmental bodies like the European Union, which employs a babbling army of translators costing $1.5 billion a year, are obliged to pretend that there is no predominant global tongue. But businesses worldwide are facing up to the reality that English is the language on which the sun never sets. Still, Englishnisation is not easy, even if handled well: the most proficient speakers can still struggle to express nuance and emotion in a foreign tongue. For this reason, native English speakers often assume that the spread of their language in global corporate life confers an automatic advantage on them. In fact it can easily encourage them to rest on their laurels. Too many of them (especially Englishmen, your columnist keeps being told) risk mistaking their fluency in meetings for actual accomplishments.

[952 words]

Source: Economist
http://www.economist.com/news/business/21596538-growing-number-firms-worldwide-are-adopting-english-their-official-language-english

xiaofan0205

Time2: 2'05"
China's current-account surplus narrowed these years because of its service deficit. The industry of tourism lies behind this big gap.

Time3: 1'55"
Such trends suggest that china's surplus could narrow further, but some people disagree.

Time4: 1'54"
There are four main areas in which we should try to spend some time to stay in balance: physical health, intellectual stimulation, self-introspection, and social interaction

Time5: 1'46"
Physical exercise is always worth the time that it takes in both short term and long term. the author provide several ideas for fitting exercise into a busy schedule.

Time6: 2'43"
The author talk about the intellectual stimulation, self-introspection, and social interaction in details

Obstacle 7'16"
The author gives several examples to indicate English is become more and more important so that many big companies made English their official language, because adopting English makes it easier to reach global markets.

疏离无罪

板凳～～～～～

Speaker:Children see as disable to sb that has potential that other people don't have.The development of the speaker's artifical legs and her idea about this.The conversation on her legs transfer from overcoming deficiency to augmentation and potential.Disabled people can change their identities by designing their bodies and improving part of the body through prosthetic.It is our humanity that makes us beautiful.

01:27
The tourism lead to China's big trade defict in service.

01:32
The surplus can be narrowed for many reasons.But some people think that the surplus will increase in 2014 and has great impact on global economy.

01:16
Four main area we should forcu on to have a balance life:physical health,intellectual stimulation, self-introspection, and social interaction.

00:58
Advices for physical health:bike to campus,use university health facilities,get enough sleep and pack a lunch

01:23
intellectual stimulation:keeping reading both inside and outside your field.self-introspection:judge yourself everyweek.
social interaction:borden social network to recharge yourself.

07:24
Main Idea: English is widely spread as official language in bussiness world.
The chinese company Lenovo set english as its official language,which shows the fashion that makes english as official language.This fashion began in Singapore and eurpe.Many famouse comapnies do this kind of work while English is invading more difficult areas,because of the advance of english can provide to progress through their management ranks.
And the obvious advances of english are that english makes companies easier to recruit global stars assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions.Moreover,the advances that are not obvious are also important.English can promotes free thinking and provides a neutral language in a merger.Because of this fashion,many companies are changing their policies.But they must think carefully about this policy which many change a lot to the company.And english,as a second language to employees,can not express carefull their emotions.

MAGGIEHE1993

哈哈还有首页~~~~~谢谢楼主~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

---

Speaker: The speaker was a disabled woman who didn's have legs. But now she is a woman who have 12 pairs of legs. She thinks
         that the world no longer focuses on remedying loss but augmenting. If we want to discover the full potential of our
         humanity, we need to celebrating those heartbreaking strenghs and those glorious disabilities.


time2: 1min 22"
       China's outbound tourists rose by 18%, largely increased the trade deficit and diminished the controversy about china's
       cheap currency and its large current-account surplus.


time3: 1min 42"
       Although some trends suggest that China's surplus could narrow further, China's surplus can still generate disagreement.


time4: 1min 18"
       The writer thinks that keeping a balanced life is similar to cutting woods with a sharp saw. If we spend some time everyday
       to be balanced, these investments will pay large dividends for your overall ability to be productive.


time5: 1min 28"
       The writer gave several tips to keep physical healthy. First is biking to work. Second is using university health facilities.
       Third is getting enough sleep. Fourth is packing a lunch that include enough veggies.


time6: 2min 22"
       Intellectual stimulation: Don't just limit yourself to your work area but keep your mind sharp with new ideas through audio
       books or podcasts;
       Self-introspection: People should leave some time behind to examine and think about their life and themselves.
       Social interaction: People need to keep some time with family and friends to strengthen the connections with them and also
       take part in some social actions to get to know different people.

Obstacle: 6min 24"
          Main idea: English is becoming the world business language.
          Introduction of the topic: The English learning experience of Lenovo's boss, Yang Yuanqing.
          A growing number of multinationals have made English their official language. Another example of Audi.
          There is no real alternative as a global business language expect English.
          Corporate English is now invading more difficult territory, such as Japan.
          Some obvious reasons why multinational companies want lingua franca:
          First adoping English makes it easier to recruir global stars; Second is that English is thought to promote
          free thinking in the company.
          The problems of Englishnisation and how companies should carefully implement English learning policy.
          Englishnisation can easily encourage native English speakers to rest on their laurels but too many of them
          risk mistaking their fluency in meetings for actual accomplishments.
         

lishuan1

谢谢楼主~


Time2 3'08"10
China's surplus was partially offset by its tourism deficit.

Time3 2'01"16
Even China's surplus accounts for less GDP, since Yuan is keeping appreciation, China's surplus is still a big problem for competitors.

Time4 1'37"25
We should invest some time into relax to energize ourselves and be efficient. This is better than working tiredly.

Time5 00'36"14
Physical
Our daily works do not acquire physical exercise, but actually physical exercises can alleviate pressure and make us more efficient at work. There are some recommanded exercises:
1. Bike to work.
2. Use university health facilities.
3. Get enough sleep.
4. Pack a lunch.

Time6 1'30"50
Intellectual Simulation: read more books.
Self-Introspection: take some time each week for reflection.
Social Interaction: interact with others.

Time7 5'28"76
In global business, English is becoming the universal language. Many huge international corporations are using English as official language. The Major benefit is that using a single language can help to reach world market and integrate acquisitions from all the world.

cherry6891

谢谢呱呱 首页来了

Speaker :all the potentials of humanity make us beautiful

Obstacle  6:50  a growing number of companies are adopting English as the official language.--start from L’s boss Y, he started learning it at the age of 40--another Germany and Japan company attribute the successful running of business to English--methods to encourage employees to learn English(explain why switching to English is so important&provide them with classes and offer them incentives to improve their fluency)--still struggle to express nuance and motion in a foreign tongue even for proficient speakers

2 3 3:35 US complained about trade surplus not long time ago, however this imbalance was partially offset by another component of trade--tourism

--China’s surplus could narrow further since a less competitive yuan in 2015

4 1:33 sharpening the saw concept--spend time to stay in four balance to make a efficiency life

5 6 4:52 some tips for keeping physical health

--Do not limit yourself. Keep our mind sharp with new idea though audio books and podcast

--self-introspection regularly, and journaling,boing out in nature,meditating will help u

--social interaction(join a volunteer organization, speaking club,taking art or music class)

--celebrate ur victories              --take action

捉妖

占一个，广告之后回来做作业

前三个time读不懂~~
【Time4】【Time5】【Time6】
A very simple passage to show how to prevent us from burnout:
1)health: going office by bike or doing some exercises while reading could  profit us in both a short or long run; pack a lunch and have some fruits...
2)Self-Introspection： think of our life in a broad eye.
3)Social Interaction: spend more time with relationships
4)Celebrate Your Victories: to give a positive signal to next goal

yinghua9122

哦，好吧，本以为是首页末班车。。。。谢谢呱呱~~~~~
Time 2 2'14
China's large current-accout surplus is a controversy in a long time. But at the same time, China also has the biggest deficit in services because of the tourism.

time 3 1'44
Controversy also exists in the predict about the China's economy.

Time 4 1'40
Our life just like the concept of "sharping the saw", if we don't give the saw proper care, it will become dull and can't perform well. So does our life.  We need to balance our energy and time in five things.

Time 5 1'42
four stips to fit exercise into a busy schedule.

Time 6 2'11
Intellectual stimulation, self-introspection, social interaction.

rest 1'29
give youself positive hint and celebrate your victories. the last suggestion, take action now!

Obstacle 5'59
1. English is becoming official language in more and more firms.
     example: Yang Yuanqing, Audi and Japanese copmanies
2. Why English become so popular?
     i. Adopting English makes it easier to recruit global stars (including board members), reach global markets, assemble global production teams and integrate foreign acquisitions.
     ii. English promotes free thinking because it is free from the status distinctions which characterise Japanese and other Asian languages.
    iii. English can provide a neutral language in a merger.
3. It is a illusion that native speaker has advantage in the English spreading trend. Too many of Englishmen risk mistaking their fluency in meetings ofr actual accomplishments.