求助三道假设逻辑题~~

freestyle32

今日做假设题。。已经阵亡了。。才做了10道几乎全错。。
还有三道实在是不太能理解~望高手帮忙分析一下~~谢谢谢谢！

5. Some United States psychologists have concluded that one specific set of parental behaviors toward children always signifies acceptance and a second set always signifies rejection for there is remarkable agreement among investigators about the maternal behaviors designated as indicative of these parental attitudes.
The conclusion of the psychologists mentioned above logically depends on the assumption that
A most maternal behaviors have been interpreted as conveying either acceptance or rejection.
B the maternal behaviors indicating acceptance or rejection are exhibited by fathers as well.
C the behaviors of fathers toward children have been studied as carefully as have the behaviors of mothers.
D acceptance and rejection are the easiest to recognize of all parental behaviors.
E parental attitudes are best conveyed through behaviors that the parents have consciously agreed on.
这题，我的逻辑链是：妈妈的行为------代表父母的态度-----表现出总是接受或者拒绝
感觉这题缺两个前提：1.妈妈的行为能代表爸爸的；2.母亲的行为代表父母的态度跟对儿童的行为表现有什么关系？
所以，我很不能理解题目的意思。另外，。虽然B也很重要，但是为什么感觉像是偏离了整个文章的重点？





some geologists argue that if oil is as common in unsampled areas of the world as it is in those already sampled, our current estimate of reserves that exist underground must be multiplied by a factor of 10,000. From this we can conclude that we can meet the oil needs of the entire world for at least five centuries, even assuming that future consumption grows at an accelerating rate.
To reach the stated conclusion, the author must assume which of the following?
A. it is possible to recover the oil contained in unexplored areas of the world
B. The consumption rate for oil will not grow rapidly
C. Oil will remain an important evergy source for at least 500 years
D. The world will achieve and maintain zero population growth
E. New technology will make oil discovery and drilling more feasible than ever before.
这道题的逻辑链是：未取样的如果与取样的相同--------产量上升--------即使需求上涨也能满足。
所以当时认为应该是判断前提是否可行；或者有无其他因素影响产量与需求的关系。
这道题当时秒选的A，但是后来犹豫了，因为觉得文章中所得是unsampled，而不是unexplore。所以觉得A是不是应该是无关选项。所以在想是不是应该选D。




It has been hypothesized that much of the matter in the universe is “dark”, i.e, unseen. Studies have shown that galaxies in many galaxy clusters are moving faster with respect to one another than they would if visible stars constituted all their mass. The studies suggest that the galaxies are moving under the gravitational influence of unseen mass in considerable quantity.
A. Measurements of the speed of moving galaxies are extremely unreliable.

B. The workings of gravitational forces are not particularly well understood.

C the aggregate mass of visible stars in the galaxies mentioned above can be estimated with some confidence.

D the general composition of unseen matter in the universe has been determined.

E without exception, the galaxies mentioned above move toward one another
又是一道很晕的题。
逻辑链：如果星系由可见恒星组成----移动速度快于其他（此处是否表明可见恒星移动更快?）<-------星系在不可见物质的引力作用下运动
感觉缺少：1.星系移动速度与不可见物质引力的关系；
所以我完全搞不懂了……

求各位大神帮忙解答一下！拜托啊~~

freestyle32

gabrielpei

第一个, 结论是父母, 条件是母亲, 所以假设里面需要有父亲, 要不然结论就不成立了.  所以最直接的assumption就是父亲也是同样. 然后可以取非判断选项. 对于B, 如果取非, 父亲的行为不代表他的态度,那结论就不成立了.
对于文章的理解, 建议别看中文翻译, 好多中文翻译这本书里面都不太准确,建议多读几遍英文. 题目说得是: 心理学家得出结论(父母对孩子的行为通常表示了父母对孩子的态度),是因为调查者都同意母亲的行为都表现了她们的态度.  逻辑链是心理学家从调查者的agreement里面的出来的结论. 但是调查者的agreement是针对母亲的, 所以逻辑链缺失的是父亲这一块的.
其他答案: A重复结论; CDE都是新信息,和逻辑链无关.

第二个,选项A其实就是"A可行"这个意图. A说得是"未开发地区的石油可以被开采". 这个 possble to recover我也纠结了半天, 后来百度了一下, recover就是对oil的开采,而不是他翻译的发现. 所以A确实是说内些石油是可以开采的.要不然就算是有石油, 不能开采, 那也结论不成立. 如果是这么理解的话, unsample 和 unexplore 是不是指代同样的地区, 其实不太重要, 不管这里是不是采样区, 如果这里没有开发过, 就不可能开采, 那结论一定不正确.
其他结论, B和原文违背. C与逻辑链无关(结论是石油不会短缺,所以无关, 如果结论是能源不会短缺,那就有关了). D与逻辑链有GAP,需要二次假设(假设人口上升油耗增大),并且二次假设以后依旧是reverse的.E没有限定地区所以和逻辑链无关.

第三个, 中文解释非常的烂. 一个mass, 全文都应该作为质量来解释, 但是中文翻译第一个mass就没翻译, 第二个mass也被忽略了,第三个在选项C里翻译成了质量.
我觉得这一题的理解应该是: 研究表明如果可见星的质量组成了星系的全部质量,那么星系相对速度要快得多,所以得出结论星系里面有很多不可见的物质的质量无法忽视到了影响星系运动速度的地步. 好绕口,呵呵.
所以答案是C, 可见星的质量是基本上可以估量的. 如果都无法估量可见星的质量, 那怎么判断这个质量对星系运动速度的影响呢?
其他选项: A 这个是weaken; B 和逻辑链无关,引入二次假设后是reverse; D与逻辑链无关,但是可以算部分support;E....我选了E,因为我觉得是"条件可行"的范畴, 但是后来想想, 因为原文只说了内些运动的, 就算有一些是不运动的, 结论依旧成立, 所以取非后排除,这个不是个"条件可行"的题目.

我也在做这本书, 正好也做到这里...昨天做了15题,就对了3道....几乎都是单词不认识,或者认识读不懂句子...我快死了....哎....不过看了中文,然后查词典,然后一条一条分析以后, 发现答案的逻辑链其实还是有道理的.

一起讨论这本书吧? 可以加我微信Q948390

freestyle32

谢谢呢！你做的好仔细！
我也在做着呢~真的是错的好多！我觉得是思维方式不太对~我也发现翻译很多不太到位。