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BOTTLENECK, A facility, function, department, or resource whose capacity is less htan the demand placed upon it. For example, a bottleneck machine or work center exists where jobs are processed at a slower rate tan they are demanded. CONSTRAINT, Any element or factor that prevents a system from achieveing a higher level of performance with respect to its goal. Constraints can be physical, such as a machine center or lack of material, but they can salso be managerial, such as a policy or procedure. 比如说,我们可以简单理解为温度是一种约束条件(假设某个地区温度常年高达50度以上,那么这个地方不适合人们工作),一般这个不说是瓶颈。一条流水线上某个工序已经影响了生产的节奏,因为其固有的限制导致,那么我们说这里是个瓶颈(同时也可以说是约束、限制因素)。也就是说瓶颈一般是指现实存在的,而约束、限制条件是指影响到的但可以是尚未发生的,比如环境因素,管理因素等等 |
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