【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑4-18】【OG10】

balapupu

29. The number of people diagnosed as having a certain intestinal disease has dropped significantly in a rural
county this year, as compared to last year. Health officials attribute this decrease entirely to improved sanitary
conditions at water-treatment plants, which made for cleaner water this year and thus reduced the incidence of
the disease.
10
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the health officials’ explanation for the lower
incidence of the disease?
A. Many new water-treatment plants have been built in the last five years in the rural county.
B. Bottled spring water has not been consumed in significantly different quantities by people diagnosed as
having the intestinal disease, as compared to people who did not contract the disease.
C. Because of a new diagnostic technique, many people who until this year would have been diagnosed as
having the intestinal disease are now correctly diagnosed as suffering from intestinal ulcers.
D. Because of medical advances this year, far fewer people who contract the intestinal disease will develop
severe cases of the disease.
E. The water in the rural county was brought up to the sanitary standards of the water in neighboring counties
ten years ago.


30. The price the government pays for standard weapons purchased from military contractors is determined by a
pricing method called “historical costing.” Historical costing allows contractors to protect their profits by adding a
percentage increase, based on the current rate of inflation, to the previous year’s contractual price.
Which of the following statements, if true, is the best basis for a criticism of historical costing as an economically
sound pricing method for military contracts?
A. The government might continue to pay for past inefficient use of funds.
B. The rate of inflation has varied considerably over the past twenty years.
C. The contractual price will be greatly affected by the cost of materials used for the products.
D. Many taxpayers question the amount of money the government spends on military contracts.
E. The pricing method based on historical costing might not encourage the development of innovative
weapons.


31. Some who favor putting governmental enterprises into private hands suggest that conservation objectives
would in general be better served if private environmental groups were put in charge of operating and financing
the national park system, which is now run by the government.
Which of the following, assuming that it is a realistic possibility, argues most strongly against the suggestion
above?
A. Those seeking to abolish all restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks might join the
private environmental groups as members and eventually take over their leadership.
B. Private environmental groups might not always agree on the best ways to achieve conservation objectives.
C. If they wished to extend the park system, the private environmental groups might have to seek contributions
from major donors and general public.
D. There might be competition among private environmental groups for control of certain park areas.
E. Some endangered species, such as the California condor, might die out despite the best efforts of the
private environmental groups, even if those groups are not hampered by insufficient resources.


32. A recent spate of launching and operating mishaps with television satellites led to a corresponding surge in
claims against companies underwriting satellite insurance. As a result, insurance premiums shot up, making
satellites more expensive to launch and operate. This, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more
performance out of currently operating satellites.
Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the conclusion that the
cost of television satellites will continue to increase?
A. Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily
very high.
B. When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with
confidence.
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down.
D. Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized.
E. Since many satellites are built by unwieldy international consortia, inefficiencies are inevitable.




AA：The following appeared in a presentation by the chief production manager of a machine parts manufacturing company at a management meeting:
“Our factory in Cookville is our most advanced and efficient. It is capable of producing ten drill bits for each dollar of production costs, whereas none of our other factories can produce more than seven drill bits per dollar of production costs. Therefore, we can reduce our overall drill bit production costs by devoting the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production. Since reducing the production costs of individual machine parts is the only way to achieve our larger goal of reducing our overall production costs, dedicating the Cookville factory entirely to drill bit production and shifting all other machine part production to our other factories will help us to attain that larger goal.”




提供思路：
这个argument 的思路绕来绕去就是有three mojor flaws: reduce costs by devoting entirely drill bit production to C; the only way to reduce costs is to reduce production costs; shifting the production of the other parts to other factories is the appropriate way to go
针对这三个 direct or indirect conlusions 写就行了
1:  although C produce more bits per dollar, the reason may be that C has high- skilled workers,  total new and high- quality machines, or less amounts of orders(订单)  thus entirely shifting is fallacious, the results may be that the workers may be too tired and have too much burden, the machines would be worn out, and all this could contribute to the lowering of the productivity
2:  the management assumes without further more evidence that reucing the productions costs is the only way to enhance cost -effective production process: 可以train workers , 引进new technologies, 定期维修老旧设备，提高management strategy...
3: 就是转移制造这一部分：也许转移制造之后 cargo and transporting fees would roar因为sporadically 分布的 工厂可以及时供货，集中在一个地方不利于 供货， 而且shifting 牵扯到 搬家的费用：那些cumbersome machine怎么转移啊,人员怎么迁移啊。。。这些都是huge expense, may not weighover the elevation of the productivity

balapupu

OG10的答案解释木有12的好啊。。。。
29.
The health officials’ explanation assumes that the decrease in the number of people diagnosed with the disease
accurately reflects a diminution in cases of the disease. By pointing out that this assumption is false, C
undermines the officials’ explanation and thus is the best answer. Since A supports the view that sanitary
conditions have been improving, it tends to support the officials’ explanation. B also tends to support the officials’
explanation, because it eliminates a factor that might have differentiated between those contracting and those
not contracting the disease and thus rules out an alternative explanation. The reduction of the severity of the
diagnosed cases does not bear on the officials’ explanation. So D is not correct. Since the standards in
neighboring counties might themselves have been inadequate, E does not weaken the officials’ explanation.
30.
If the original contractual price for the weapons purchased incorporated an inefficient use of funds, then, since
historical costing merely adds to the original price, it preserves these inefficiencies. An economically sound
pricing method should at least allow the possibility of reductions in price as such inefficiencies are removed.
Hence, A is the best answer. Because historical costing responds to inflation, B and C are consistent with the
economic soundness of historical costing-the rate of inflation and costs that are reflected in inflation. D offers no
grounds for questioning the economic soundness of historical costing in particular. Historical costing applies to
standard weapons only, not to the innovative weapons that are mentioned in E.
31.
If those seeking to abolish restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks assumed the leadership of
a group that was placed in charge of operating the park system, conservation objectives would not be better
served. A suggests that such a scenario might result from the proposed policy and is thus the best answer. B
indicates the potential for disagreement among various private environmental groups, but it does not suggest
that disagreements could not be resolved. C, D and E list problems that might confront private environmental
groups in charge of parks, but they do not give reason to believe that such groups would not be better able to
pursue conservation objectives than is the current administration of the park system.
32.
According to the passage, satellite mishaps caused a surge in insurance claims, which, in turn, caused
increased insurance premiums. Higher premiums made the satellites more costly, resulting in increased
performance demands. If C is true, the greater demands on performance will lead to further increases in costs
by increasing the number of mishaps, and thus pushing insurance premiums still higher. Thus, C is the best
answer. A, D and E all describe factors relevant to costs, but there is no reason to think that the situation
described in the passage will cause the costs resulting from these factors to increase. Similarly, the impossibility
of pinpointing the cause of failure, mentioned in B, is consistent with the cost of satellites remaining stable.

sanlingjie

support

UlysessHope

占楼 一会儿补作业

balapupu

1.【29s】【因果结论型】
Piagnosed intestinal disease decrease this year.
C：the sanitary  conditions improved--》reduce the incidence of the disease.
weaken:most people do not drink the local water.
A:
A. Many new water-treatment plants have been built in the last five years in the rural county.【support】
B. Bottled spring water has not been consumed in significantly different quantities by people diagnosed as
having the intestinal disease, as compared to people who did not contract the disease.【support】
C. Because of a new diagnostic technique, many people who until this year would have been diagnosed as
having the intestinal disease are now correctly diagnosed as suffering from intestinal ulcers.【right】
D. Because of medical advances this year, far fewer people who contract the intestinal disease will develop
severe cases of the disease.【无关对象】
E. The water in the rural county was brought up to the sanitary standards of the water in neighboring counties
ten years ago.【无关对象】
2.【25s】【措施目的型】
P：government buy military weapons--》historical costing+ inflation fee
C: this plan is not economic.
reason:the new price ignore many other costs except the inflation.
A:
A. The government might continue to pay for past inefficient use of funds.【无关对象】
B. The rate of inflation has varied considerably over the past twenty years.【无关纵横比较】
C. The contractual price will be greatly affected by the cost of materials used for the products.【right】
D. Many taxpayers question the amount of money the government spends on military contracts.【无关对象】
E. The pricing method based on historical costing might not encourage the development of innovative
weapons.【没有直重攻击点】
额。。这道题错了~求讨论，这道题是站在均衡供应商的角度来讨论计划是否有利吧？？？正确答案是站在政府角度了呢·~怎么理解呢~
3.【23s】【措施目的型】
P:someone suggest to let the private group to in charge of the national park.
C: the system can be better served
weaken: this plan may bring some problems.
A:
A. Those seeking to abolish all restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks might join the
private environmental groups as members and eventually take over their leadership.【right】
B. Private environmental groups might not always agree on the best ways to achieve conservation objectives.【和方法无关】
C. If they wished to extend the park system, the private environmental groups might have to seek contributions
from major donors and general public.【无关对象】
D. There might be competition among private environmental groups for control of certain park areas.【没有直接攻击】
E. Some endangered species, such as the California condor, might die out despite the best efforts of the
private environmental groups, even if those groups are not hampered by insufficient resources.【无削弱】
4.这道题做过了~~

UlysessHope

29. intestinal disease 确诊率减少是由于improved sanitary conditions at water-treatment plants,

C. Because of a new diagnostic technique, many people who until this year would have been diagnosed as having the intestinal disease are now correctly diagnosed as suffering from intestinal ulcers.  许多之前确诊having the intestinal disease的病人现在suffering from intestinal ulcer

解析说A supports the view that sanitary conditions have been improving, it tends to support the officials’ explanation.
可我认为A   water-treatment plants 净水厂数量增多了，说明原来的水厂不一定improve sanitary conditions ，可能是因为数量多了  这样看不也是削弱么？有木有朋友说一下我的思路如何不对咧？

UlysessHope

熄灯了漆黑一片电脑电池还不给力

30.
for military contracts看来这里是国家 不是合同商，我记得上次分类做到这一道也是在这里有模糊

历史定价=上年合同价*(1+以今年通胀为基础的利润率)
这样的话 原来浪费的钱，今年继续浪费

31.
看了半天看成支持了。。
问为何不让private environmental groups 运营the national park system
A. Those seeking to abolish all restrictions on exploiting the natural resources of the parks might join the private environmental groups as members and eventually take over their leadership.
B. Private environmental groups might not always agree on the best ways to achieve conservation objectives. B解释说does not suggest that disagreements could not be resolved.怎么没太看懂。。明天看
C. If they wished to extend the park system, the private environmental groups might have to seek contributions


32.
电脑电池要没电了！ = =|

balapupu

29. intestinal disease 确诊率减少是由于improved sanitary conditions at water-treatment plants,

C. Because of a new diagnostic technique, many people who until this year would have been diagnosed as having the intestinal disease are now correctly diagnosed as suffering from intestinal ulcers.  许多之前确诊having the intestinal disease的病人现在suffering from intestinal ulcer

解析说A supports the view that sanitary conditions have been improving, it tends to support the officials’ explanation.
可我认为A   water-treatment plants 净水厂数量增多了，说明原来的水厂不一定improve sanitary conditions ，可能是因为数量多了  这样看不也是削弱么？有木有朋友说一下我的思路如何不对咧？

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/10/24 23:51:56)

对的~当时做的时候我也有这种的想法，C选项这种选项既可以看成是削弱又可以看成是支持，而原文一定要选削弱的~所以就排除这个选项了~

UlysessHope

嗯 说得对~
还是不能选似是而非的选项 谢谢bala~

bonfin

第一题选的D、、不是很少人会得病了吗？