GWD求解两题，多谢

iamdurant

1.   Fact: Asthma, a bronchial condition, is much less common ailment than hay fever, an allergic inflammation of the nasal passages.

     Fact: over 95 percent of people who have asthma also suffer from hay fever.

     If the information given as facts above is true, which of the following must also be true?

A.Hay fever is a prerequisite for the development of asthma

B.Asthma is a prerequisite for the development of hay fever

C.Those who have neither hay fever nor asthma comprise less than 5 percent of the total population

D.The number of people who have both of these ailments is greater than the number of people who have only one of them

E.The percentage of people suffering from hay fever who also have asthma is lower than 95 percent.

GWD-9-Q37:

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A.Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

B.Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

C.Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

D.Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

E.The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

求各位大神指教，小弟感激！！

GWD-9-Q37:

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A.Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

B.Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

C.Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

D.Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

E.The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

求各位大神指教，小弟感激！！

sdcar2010

This is a must-be-true question: inference.

Only E is true becasuse A is less common than HF.  Therefore the total number of people who have HF is bigger than that of who have A.  Then it is a simple math problem to calculate the percentages for comparison.

Two hundred people have hay fever.  One hundred people have asthma. Out of the 100 people who have asthma, 95 of them have hay fever, in other words, 95% of the people who have asthma also have hay fever.

Then out of the 200 people who have hay fever, again 95 of them have asthma.  Translation: only 47.5% of the people who have hay fever also have asthma.

Simple math.

sdcar2010

Sample representativeness.

Whenever there is a survey or statistical analysis, one needs to have confidence of the data collected.

The conclusion is that smoking is likely to contribute to depression in teenagers. The premise is that more NEW smokers are depressed than non-smokers. The argument wants to say that smoking CAUSES depression.

But what if it is the other way around? What if depressed people are more likely becoming smokers than non-depressed peopl?

Choice A removes that possibility, thus a correct answer for this strengthener question. Choice A simply vouchers for the representativeness of the data by removing the potential bias when selecting the participants.

Let's look at the following statement: people who spends more time on CD.com can get higher GMAT scores.

To strengthen this statement, you can say:
Two groups of randomly selected students from Beida. At the start, the two groups have comparatively similar GMAT diagnostic scores then one group was sent to the library to study without access to CD.com while the other was sent to the classroom with access to CD.com. The latter groups scores much higher scores in the second GMAT mock test.

To weaken this statement, you can say:
People who spends more time on CD tend to be NN who have higher GMAT diagnostic scores to begin with when compared with the average GMAT participants.

DY567

Q37:
结论：吸烟->抑郁
加强：抑郁就是吸烟导致的
CDE明显无关，不多说

A:  Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. 那些抑郁的并不比那些不抑郁的更容易成为吸烟者，也就是抑郁不会导致吸烟。文中说是吸烟导致抑郁，那也有可能是本身就抑郁所以才吸烟呢。A排除了这种可能，正确。

B:无法判断吸烟和抑郁的关系，因为比较前提不同。

kira_ke

顶楼主！