XDF P12 Federal efforts to aid minority businesses最后一段看不明白

hughlv

PASSAGE 12
*Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960's when the Small Business Administration
SBA)began making federally guaranteed loans and govern-ment-sponsored management and technical assistance
5) available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing,since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations,and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15
10) years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy's total receipts.
* Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the
15) minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through interme-diary companies. In this approach, large corporationsparticipate in the development of successful and stable
20) minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority
25) businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
* MESBIC's are the result of the belief that providingestablished firms with easier access to relevant manage-ment techniques and more job-specific experience, as
30) well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business founda-tions than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.Further, since potential markets for the minority busi-
35) nesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC's far above
40) the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of manage-ment needed. MESBIC'c are now emerging as increas-ingly important financing sources for minority enter-prises.
*
45) Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter
50) often still think mainly in terms of the "social responsi-bility approach" and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have pro-duced uneasiness among many minority staff members,
55) who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC's and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is fol-lowed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.

这段话在做题时不得不看了好几遍还是感觉没什么明白，对应的题也作错了。
我的理解是这样子：来自大公司的主管觉得对于他们来说扶持少数民族企业是社会义务，因此总是照顾那些其实风险很高回报很小的业务。但是少数民族企业的员工反对这个做法，因为他们觉得这么做的话有违MESBIC的本意，而且会导致跟SBA一样的下场。
但是感觉没有包含足够的信息来推出下面这道题的答案。请nn帮忙分析一下。谢谢了！

5. Based on information in the passage, which of the following would be indicative of the pragmatism of MESBIC staff members?Ⅰ. A reluctance to invest in minority businesses that show marginal expectations of return on the investments Ⅱ. A desire to invest in minority businesses that produce goods and services likely to be of use to the sponsoring company Ⅲ. A belief that the minority business sector is best served by investing primarily in newly established businesses
(A)Ⅰonly
(B) Ⅲ only
(C)Ⅰand Ⅱ only
(D)Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
(E)Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ

答案为C。

Christinaaaaa

问题1的意思是，员工们不愿意投资那些期望回报率非常边缘化（如太大或太小，marginal)的少数民族企业。这是合理的，因为员工们只想投资期望回报率有保证的企业。
问题2的意思是，员工们希望投资那些可以生产对赞助公司有用产品或服务的企业，这也是合理的，因为minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations（也即sponsoring companies)。
问题3的意思是，员工们认为投资新成立的企业最能实现这项目的初衷。但这是不合理的，因为新成立的企业肯定收益不稳定啊，所以员工们不愿意投资。

Christinaaaaa

希望可以解释的通。可是觉得这篇的第四题好难想啊：
4. Which of the following statements about the SBA
  program can be inferred from the passage?
(A) The maximum term for loans made to recipient
    businesses was 15 years.
(B) Business loans were considered to be more useful to
recipient businesses than was management and
technical assistance.
(C) The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses
   was significantly lower than the rate that actually
   resulted.
(D) Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to  
   areas more favorable for business development.
(E) The capitalization needs of recipient businesses were
assessed and then provided for adequately.
答案是C。我选的B。能解释下吗？

edwardelric

像楼主发的那样的推断题目，已经是不多了~
真的，我感觉这个题目就是要看到核心的pragmatic 这个词
剩下的就是一感情色彩跟文章相关进行推断，
2楼给翻译了，但是第一句我认为就是偏小没有偏大~
3楼b无比较无结果，c的答案在文章中的最后一句话上，（也许新的没那么厉害~）

hughlv

问题1的意思是，员工们不愿意投资那些期望回报率非常边缘化（如太大或太小，marginal)的少数民族企业。这是合理的，因为员工们只想投资期望回报率有保证的企业。
问题2的意思是，员工们希望投资那些可以生产对赞助公司有用产品或服务的企业，这也是合理的，因为minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations（也即sponsoring companies)。
问题3的意思是，员工们认为投资新成立的企业最能实现这项目的初衷。但这是不合理的，因为新成立的企业肯定收益不稳定啊，所以员工们不愿意投资。

-- by 会员 Christinaaaaa (2010/3/30 19:40:47)

这里的合理与否需要从文章中推断而非第三方信息。感觉问题2的信息根本没在文章中提到。而且按一般意义来推导的话，生产的goods也是用于满足消费者需求而非投资公司的。

woaiwongfaye15

我也觉得2 没有说到, 但是正确答案却是I和II.  晕

hlhlhlt

希望可以解释的通。可是觉得这篇的第四题好难想啊：
4. Which of the following statements about the SBA
  program can be inferred from the passage?
(A) The maximum term for loans made to recipient
    businesses was 15 years.
(B) Business loans were considered to be more useful to
recipient businesses than was management and
technical assistance.
(C) The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses
   was significantly lower than the rate that actually
   resulted.
(D) Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to  
   areas more favorable for business development.
(E) The capitalization needs of recipient businesses were
assessed and then provided for adequately.
答案是C。我选的B。能解释下吗？

-- by 会员 Christinaaaaa (2010/3/30 19:45:43)

我真的恨死GMAC了，其实这个题目超级简单，我也是困在这了想了十分钟，我估计你跟我一样理解反了，这个C选项的意思是：政府预计的失败率比实际低，也就是说政府本来以为有挺多成功的，可是你看第一段的最后一句话，是说实际失败率狂高。。。。这个失败率低就是成功率高，失败率高就是成功率低。。。。唉，这简单的令人发指还是没能绕过来，NND!

我有一个梦

我觉得2可以从这句话中推出 “The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.”

VikingYu

5. Based on information in the passage, which of the following would be indicative of the pragmatism of MESBIC staff members?Ⅰ. A reluctance to invest in minority businesses that show marginal expectations of return on the investments Ⅱ. A desire to invest in minority businesses that produce goods and services likely to be of use to the sponsoring company Ⅲ. A belief that the minority business sector is best served by investing primarily in newly established businesses
(A)Ⅰonly
(B) Ⅲ only
(C)Ⅰand Ⅱ only
(D)Ⅱ and Ⅲ only
(E)Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ


Ⅱ的答案来自这句话，在最后一段：
"These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC's "这些staff认为他们的观点更接近MESBIC创设的初衷；


注意，这句话出现在关键词pragmatically后的解释部分，因此可以作为pragmatically（实用主义的）的证据

那么“MESBIC创设的初衷”是什么呢？定位到第二段，发现这么一句话
"The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company. "
MESBIC资助和指导的对象是——那些有潜力成为 sponsoring company（赞助商）的suppliers（供应商）或customers （客户）的minority businesses （少数民族公司）

和Ⅱ. A desire to invest in minority businesses that produce goods and services likely to be of use to the sponsoring company 意义一致

这题我也想了很久……虽然是陈帖，想到可能帮助到同样困惑的人……嗯 祝好运！

Maggie0000

VikingYu 发表于 2017-10-18 15:43
5. Based on information in the passage, which of the following would be indicative of the pragmatism ...

这样解释就完全理解了，但是感觉考试的时候好难做到这样啊，本来就紧张，还要去看非定位段的内容