prep-essay 1-3

graceguo98

Essay #1.  019    (21201-!-item-!-188;#058&00019-00)

During  the nineteenth century, occupational information about women that was provided by the United States census--a population count conducted each decade--became more detailed and precise in response to social changes.  Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order:  the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories.  Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.

The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and women's rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household.  Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender:  the census superintendent  reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations." In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman "keeping house." Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social issues arising from industrialization were causing women's advocates and women statisticians to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.

 

Question #3.  019-04    (21339-!-item-!-188;#058&000019-04)

The passage suggests which of the following about the "women's advocates and women statisticians" mentioned in the highlighted text?

(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

正确答案B

我不明白从哪里能看出not reflect certain economic changes in the United States”?
文中“ to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.“只说施压为了更加彻底和精确女人职业和薪水的叙述，这与经济变化有什么关系？实在没看出。
请NN帮忙解释。
谢谢
”

graceguo98

In its 1903 decision in the case
of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United
States Supreme Court rejected the
Line efforts of three Native American tribes
(5) to prevent the opening of tribal lands
to non-Indian settlement without tribal
consent. In his study of the Lone
Wolf case, Blue Clark properly
emphasizes the Court's assertion
(10) of a virtually unlimited unilateral power
of Congress (the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate) over Native
American affairs. But he fails to note
the decision's more far-reaching
(15) impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, the
federal government totally abandoned
negotiation and execution of formal
written agreements with Indian tribes
as a prerequisite for the implemen-
(20) tation of federal Indian policy. Many
commentators believe that this change
had already occurred in 1871 when
following a dispute between the
House and the Senate over which
(25) chamber should enjoy primacy in
Indian affairs Congress abolished
the making of treaties with Native
American tribes. But in reality the
federal government continued to nego-
(30) tiate formal tribal agreements past
the turn of the century, treating these
documents not as treaties with sover-
eign nations requiring ratification by the
Senate but simply as legislation to be
(35) passed by both houses of Congress.
The Lone Wolf decision ended this
era of formal negotiation and finally
did away with what had increasingly
become the empty formality of obtain-
ing tribal consent.
Question #9.  075-06    (21627-!-item-!-188;#058&000075-06)

According to the passage, which of the following resulted from the Lone Wolf decision?

(A) The Supreme Court took on a greater role in Native American affairs.
(B) Native American tribes lost their legal standing as sovereign nations in their dealings with the federal government, but their ownership of tribal lands was confirmed.
(C) The federal government no longer needed to conclude a formal agreement with a Native American tribe in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe.
(D) The federal government began to appropriate tribal lands for distribution to non-Indian settlers.
(E) Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.
答案为什么是C？
为什么A错，虽然文中没有直接说cour 有较大的权利，但是unlimited unilateral power 可否理解为greater power?
为什么B错？
晕了
谢谢

aggiesim

In its 1903 decision in the case
of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United
States Supreme Court rejected the
Line efforts of three Native American tribes
(5) to prevent the opening of tribal lands
to non-Indian settlement without tribal
consent. In his study of the Lone
Wolf case, Blue Clark properly
emphasizes the Court's assertion
(10) of a virtually unlimited unilateral power
of Congress (the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate) over Native
American affairs. But he fails to note
the decision's more far-reaching
(15) impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, the
federal government totally abandoned
negotiation and execution of formal
written agreements with Indian tribes
as a prerequisite for the implemen-
(20) tation of federal Indian policy. Many
commentators believe that this change
had already occurred in 1871 when
following a dispute between the
House and the Senate over which
(25) chamber should enjoy primacy in
Indian affairs Congress abolished
the making of treaties with Native
American tribes. But in reality the
federal government continued to nego-
(30) tiate formal tribal agreements past
the turn of the century, treating these
documents not as treaties with sover-
eign nations requiring ratification by the
Senate but simply as legislation to be
(35) passed by both houses of Congress.
The Lone Wolf decision ended this
era of formal negotiation and finally
did away with what had increasingly
become the empty formality of obtain-
ing tribal consent.
Question #9.  075-06    (21627-!-item-!-188;#058&000075-06)

According to the passage, which of the following resulted from the Lone Wolf decision?

(A) The Supreme Court took on a greater role in Native American affairs.
(B) Native American tribes lost their legal standing as sovereign nations in their dealings with the federal government, but their ownership of tribal lands was confirmed.
(C) The federal government no longer needed to conclude a formal agreement with a Native American tribe in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe.
(D) The federal government began to appropriate tribal lands for distribution to non-Indian settlers.
(E) Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.
答案为什么是C？
为什么A错，虽然文中没有直接说cour 有较大的权利，但是unlimited unilateral power 可否理解为greater power?
为什么B错？
晕了
谢谢

-- by 会员 graceguo98 (2009/11/3 4:54:44)

这题的答案不是E么 我选的C

ultimategmat

ouou

vegachang

Question #3.  019-04    (21339-!-item-!-188;#058&000019-04)

The passage suggests which of the following about the "women's advocates and women statisticians" mentioned in the highlighted text?

(A) They wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked in the home.
(B) They believed that previous census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.
(C) They had begun to press for changes in census-taking methods as part of their participation in the antislavery movement.
(D) They thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials.
(E) They had conducted independent studies that disputed the official statistics provided by previous United States censuses.

正确答案B

我不明白从哪里能看出not reflect certain economic changes in the United States”?
文中“ to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.“只说施压为了更加彻底和精确女人职业和薪水的叙述，这与经济变化有什么关系？实在没看出。
请NN帮忙解释。
谢谢

我對這一題也有一樣的問題 可以麻煩解釋一下嗎?

心太软QQ

用排除法吧，其他四个选项肯定是错的，选择题就是找个最相关的选项

小伊YSY

In its 1903 decision in the case
of Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, the United
States Supreme Court rejected the
Line efforts of three Native American tribes
(5) to prevent the opening of tribal lands
to non-Indian settlement without tribal
consent. In his study of the Lone
Wolf case, Blue Clark properly
emphasizes the Court's assertion
(10) of a virtually unlimited unilateral power
of Congress (the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate) over Native
American affairs. But he fails to note
the decision's more far-reaching
(15) impact: shortly after Lone Wolf, the
federal government totally abandoned
negotiation and execution of formal
written agreements with Indian tribes
as a prerequisite for the implemen-
(20) tation of federal Indian policy. Many
commentators believe that this change
had already occurred in 1871 when
following a dispute between the
House and the Senate over which
(25) chamber should enjoy primacy in
Indian affairs Congress abolished
the making of treaties with Native
American tribes. But in reality the
federal government continued to nego-
(30) tiate formal tribal agreements past
the turn of the century, treating these
documents not as treaties with sover-
eign nations requiring ratification by the
Senate but simply as legislation to be
(35) passed by both houses of Congress.
The Lone Wolf decision ended this
era of formal negotiation and finally
did away with what had increasingly
become the empty formality of obtain-
ing tribal consent.
Question #9.  075-06    (21627-!-item-!-188;#058&000075-06)

According to the passage, which of the following resulted from the Lone Wolf decision?

(A) The Supreme Court took on a greater role in Native American affairs.
(B) Native American tribes lost their legal standing as sovereign nations in their dealings with the federal government, but their ownership of tribal lands was confirmed.
(C) The federal government no longer needed to conclude a formal agreement with a Native American tribe in order to carry out policy decisions that affected the tribe.
(D) The federal government began to appropriate tribal lands for distribution to non-Indian settlers.
(E) Native American tribes were no longer able to challenge congressional actions by appealing to the Supreme Court.
答案为什么是C？
为什么A错，虽然文中没有直接说cour 有较大的权利，但是unlimited unilateral power 可否理解为greater power?
为什么B错？
晕了
谢谢

-- by 会员 graceguo98 (2009/11/3 4:54:44)

A 最高法院和争执无关，法院只是执行者，是根据上面的结论来做事，是客观第三方。
B  native american不是主权国家。