OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D27

Pistachio_lin

Hi 大家好，閱讀訓練打卡第二十七天。

前幾天重新搜尋一下可以繼續練習閱讀訓練的材料，順便到其他有提供全面模考的地方做了一次模擬考。大概理一理自己的不足後繼續回來打卡。

Materials: OG2020

Passage:

Scientist long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth's rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep-promoting agent melatonin. Furthermore, cells in the human retina dedicated to transmitting information about light level to the SCNs have recently been discovered.

Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans. In addition, when laboratory rats that usually ate at will were fed only once a day, peak activity of a clock gene in their livers shifted by 12 hours, whereas the same clock gene in the SCNs remained synchronized with light cycles. While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs in controlling core functions such as the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, scientists now believe that circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light—including temperature changes—that recur regularly 24 hours.

思路/簡化:

Scientist long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms .

• (先點出two nerve cluster - 引出SCNs 跟our circadian rhythms的關係)
  

Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth's rotation.

• (定義什麼是circadian rhythms)
  

Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep-promoting agent melatonin.

• (details of what is influenced by SCNs)
  

Furthermore, cells in the human retina dedicated to transmitting information about light level to the SCNs have recently been discovered.

• (這句話主要在更進一步強調 biological cycles aligns with cycles of sunlight;屬於更細節)
  

Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans.

• (點出其他影響circadian cycles的東西 other than SCNs; 以及他們的位置)
  

In addition, when laboratory rats that usually ate at will were fed only once a day, peak activity of a clock gene in their livers shifted by 12 hours, whereas the same clock gene in the SCNs remained synchronized with light cycles.

• (Comparison, 其他時鐘與SCNs所給的時鐘)
  

While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs in controlling core functions such as the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, scientists now believe that circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light—including temperature changes—that recur regularly 24 hours.

• (結論, 說明scientist的態度轉變)
  

主架構:
1, Nerve clusters control our circadian rhythms. <Scientists long believed>

- definition of circadian rhythms: recur ~24h in sync with cycle of sunlight and darkness.
   - human retina dedicatd to transmitting information about light level to the SCNs.

- Areas under the sway of SCNs.

2, Other critical genes govern circadian cycles <Scientists now believe>

- Comparison between the clock of SCNs and the clock of other genes.

1 + 2 = both beliefs are still valid.


1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) challenge recent findings that appear to contradict earlier findings
(B) present two sides of an ongoing scientific debate
(C) report answers to several questions that have long puzzled researchers
(D) discuss evidence that has caused a longstanding belief to be revised (正確; 同架構分析 long believed versus now believed)
(E) attempt to explain a commonly misunderstood biological phenomenon

2. The passage mentions each of the following as a function regulated by SCNs in same animals EXCEPT

(A) activity level
(B) blood pressure
(C) alertness
(D) vision (details; areas under the sway of SCNs)
(E) temperature

3. The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statement about the SCNs?

(A) The SCNs are found in other organs and tissues of the body besides the hypothalamus. (沒提到)
(B) The SCNs play a critical but not exclusive role in regulating circadian rhythms. (同結論)
(C) The SCNs control clock genes in a number of tissues and organs throughout the body.
(D) The SCNs are a less significant factor in regulating blood pressure than scientists once believed.
(E) The SCNs are less strongly affected by changes in light levels than are by other external cues.



以上是自己的分析，綜合一些自己做真題後，試著在做題目的時候腦中浮現的結論，希望其他有想法的大大也能不吝分享意見。謝謝！

fcsmbflgmat700

感谢分享！               

Dreamer5773

非常有帮助！谢谢您的分析！