请教两个CR Bible 16版的两个cause and effect reasoning 逻辑题

dtlovefz

3. Among consumers in this country who take cruises regularly, the percentage who chose High Seas’ cruise lines has decreased by 5 percentage points over the past five years. Since High Seas obviously relies on consumers to earn profits, these declines must
    have had a measurably negative impact on High Seas’ earnings.


Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Some trips were cut from the cruise schedule, and they were trips during which ticket sales had historically been sufficient to achieve profitability.
(B) There are many more cruise lines in existence today than there were five years ago.
(C) The number of people who regularly take cruises has increased significantly over the past five years.
(D) Five years ago, High Seas reduced the number of cruises on its annual schedule.
(E) High Seas cruises travel to several different destinations.

请问A,C哪一个是正确的，为什么对，以及为什么错？

4. Medical Student: Last week , a certain patient at this hospital weighed 150 lbs. Since the same patient weighs 160 lbs. today, and he appears to be much healthier than he was last week, he would be well advised to gain another ten pounds during the coming
    week.

Which of the following, if true, undermines the argument above?
(A) The same scale was used to measure the patient’s weight in both instances.
(B) The patient was notified by his physician of this week’s weight gain.
(C) During the past week , the patient has eaten less food than he would normally eat.
(D) When the patient was weighed last week, an illness had caused the patient’s weight to drop ten pounds below its normal level.
(E) Quick weight loss can be hazardous to one’s health.

请问D,E哪一个是正确的，为什么对，以及为什么错？

猫樱花

第一道题是典型的percentage and absolute number misleading题型。选c.
A只是说可以达到目标， 无论如何会影响earning.

第二道选D.
E完全不相关啊。

dtlovefz

谢谢！
因为CR Bible的第七章cause and effect reasoning的章节练习第3题，此题结论是these declines must have had a measurably negative impact on High Seas’ earnings. 那么关键词negative impact on表示存在cause and effect reasoning， cause是these declines，而effect是negative impact on earnings. 那么错误选项包括其他导致结果的原因，或者证明没有因果联系。那么A选项明显是另一个导致effect（negative impact on earnings）的原因，为什么不对呢？

另外请再问一下，第4题，不好意思确实E是不相关的，我把quick weight loss看成是quick weight gain呢，但是为什么D是对的？因为本题的结论是he would be well advised to gain another ten pounds during the coming week，而前提是一个星期病人增加了10磅，而且看上去比上星期更加健康。那么从前提到结论存在一个假设就是增加10 pounds能够让病人看起来更加健康。如果要削弱结论要不就是提出能导致结论的他因，或者使上述假设不成立。可是我不觉得D选项能够达到上述的作用啊。
求解惑！！！！！

dtlovefz

自己顶一下