G2772 Passage 43 (43/63)

DeliciaAn

Passage 43 (43/63)
Joseph Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glatthaar’s title expresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat.
Glatthaar accurately describes the government’s discriminatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medical care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited throughout the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great. Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of several Black units in combat won increasing respect from initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White officer put it, “they have fought their way into the respect of all the army.”
In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudinal change, however, Glatthaar seems to exaggerate the prewar racism of the White men who became officers in Black regiments. “Prior to the war,” he writes of these men, “virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices.” While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in American society, they participated eagerly in this military experiment, which they hoped would help African Americans achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current standards of racial egalitarianism, these men’s paternalism toward African Americans was racist. But to call their feelings “powerful racial prejudices” is to indulge in generational chauvinism—to judge past eras by present standards.

5.        The passage suggests that which of the following was true of Black units’ disease mortality rates in the Civil War?
(A) They were almost as high as the combat mortality rates of White units.
(B) They resulted in part from the relative inexperience of these units when in combat.
(C) They were especially high because of the nature of these units’ usual duty assignments.
(D) They resulted in extremely high overall casualty rates in Black combat units.
(E) They exacerbated the morale problems that were caused by the army’s discriminatory policies.
答案是：c

因为没有找到这篇的讨论。所以在这里问一下各位牛牛，我原来选择的是D，请问以下的判断推理对不对？

“这题的题干是 which of the following was true of Black units’ disease mortality rates in the Civil War? 所以选项中的主语就直接是Black units' disease mortality rates in the Civil War.如果选择d：They resulted in extremely high overall casualty rates in Black combat units.就变成了Black units' disease mortality rates in the Civil War result in extremely  high overall casualty.逻辑不对。如果换成c：They were especially high because of the nature of these units’ usual duty assignments.就是说主语Black units' disease mortality rates in the Civil War were especially high because of the nature of these units' usual duty assignments.”

典座

我选的也是D.........我定位到这里“That chance remained limited throughout the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great. ”
thus是一个标志词，证明前面有原因，重点放在前面。可以找出黑人士兵很少上战场，被派往后方劳工营工作，被疾病杀死，而疾病才是战争中主要的killer。
C说的是“他们死亡率奇高是因为任务分派的属性（即不是上战场，而是在后方被疾病感染）” 正确。
D说“他们死亡奇高是因为黑人作战单位的比率（这里没有说占比高低，姑且认为他想说占比高）”，这句话定位到了第二段最后一句，离中心句很远，不可能是答案。而且从文中来看，黑人战士上战场占比不是很多，所以他们死亡原因不是D中表示的“黑人作战单位占比高”

DeliciaAn

我还想问下第7题
7.        Which of the following best describes the kind of error attributed to Glatthaar in lines 25-28?
(A) Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between two groups of individuals in order to render an argument concerning them internally consistent
(B) Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretation of a situation with evidence that is not particularly relevant to the situation
(C) Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certain individuals in order to provide grounds for a negative evaluation of their actions
(D) Describing the conditions prevailing before a given event in such a way that the contrast with those prevailing after the event appears more striking than it actually is
(E) Asserting that a given event is caused by another event merely because the other event occurred before the given event occurred

Describing the conditions prevailing before a given event in such a way that the contrast with those prevailing after the event appears more striking than it actually is  
这个D选项怎么翻译啊？常识翻译成这奶奶样了：
描述一种盛行的情况在给定的事件之前，通过事件发生后与这种盛行的情况相违背，这样显示出来是要比ta实际更显著。
我明白题目要找的内容，就是这D选项的翻译太捉急。。。。。。。。。