Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.
讲的非常清楚~关于你说的主宾状的省略我没有什么问题,关于谓语的省略,有一点就是省略的部分必须一模一样可以补出,RON强调过的一点就是一模一样,包括时态(不知道我对他说的是不是理解错了)。就以上面的例子为例:
the comet C passed the earth at the same distance as Halley's comet will pass the earth the next time it appears
后半句如果will后面的pass省略,那么我就必须找到一个前半句可以一模一样补出的内容,但是前面是passed,时态发生了变化。
先谢谢你这么耐心的分析哈~
你说的这些省略的原则我都明白,但是我感觉在实战的时候是反着来的,也就是说在不知道省略的哪部分的前提下,比如说还是这道:
Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.
A.have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary
B.have half the chance, or less, of dying of a heart attack than those who are sedentary do
C.have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary do
D.are at least fifty percent less likely to die of a heart attack as those who are sedentary
E.are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack
B选项分析的时候do指的是have,但是从逻辑含义上看并不合适所以是错的,但是我的问题是我如何从结构上判断这个do是指的have?这道题目凭语感还能从结构上感觉出来,但是如果再复杂一点的句子,比如
In no other historical sighting did Halley’s comet cause such a worldwide sensation as did its return in 1910-1911.
A.did its return in 1910-1911
B.had its 1910-1911 return
C.in its return of 1910-1911
D.its return of 1910-1911 did
its return in 1910-1911
哪部分和哪部分比较顿时有点傻眼==
如果换一个例子:
【例1】the comet C passed the earth at the same distance as Halley's cometdid last year.道理是一样的。全句是....comet did pass last year,省略了pass,但是不能省略did(本例省略了谓语和宾语)
再换一个例子:
【例2】the comet C passed the earth in 2010 at the same distance as did in1993. 这句话是正确的么?也是正确的,不过意思变了,是说“C彗星1993年和2010年掠过地球时距离相同”,这个句子补全应该是the comet C passed the earth in 2010 atthe same distance as (the comet) did (pass) in 1993. 比较的是两个状语(2010和1993)(本例省略了主语,谓语和宾语)
【例3】the comet C passed the earth in 2010 at a larger distance than theMars. 本例比较宾语。注意和【例1】的区别,因为【例1】比较的是主语,那么一定要留一个谓语的placeholder在那里,不然人们不知道比较的是主语还是宾语了。
一个句子,主要成分就是主谓宾状四个。省略的时候,主语相同可以省略(例2),宾语相同可以省略(例1例2),状语相同可以省略(例3),谓语很多情况下都可以省略(但是要放一个placeholder)。
另外最后要注意的就是如果是主系表结构,be也是可以省略的(就不用一个placeholder了)。
比如:I am moreexcited than he is; I am more excited than he.
我不同意你的观点...
“我认为一切应该从句意出发,抛开语法结构的分析,sedentary的人更加容易die”,这里是没错的。但是这并不能够说明就应该写成这个样子:"The coronary patients who exercise most actively have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary will die"。因为同样对于“sedentary的人更加容易die”这个意思,我们有N种方式/结构来表达这个含义。但是,在采用不同结构的时候,我们肯定要将词序做调整,从而符合我们运用的结构,并且保持语法通顺。
换句话说,
E选项:the coronary patients who exercise most actively are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack.
这句话和下面这句话
C选项:The coronary patients who exercise most actively have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary do (have the chance that they will die of a heart attack)(补全后的C选项)
结构上都是正确的;意思上后者表达的并不是特别清楚,次于前者。如果用C选项的结构,补全的也一定是have,而不是die,因为这个结构就要求这里比较的是多锻炼的人和久坐的人,后面跟的一定就是句子的谓语。
如果想把die放在要补全的位置上,可以这么改写:
X选项:The coronary patients who exercise most actively will die less frequently than those who are sedentary (will die).
如果你用了最后的这个结构,那么补全的一定是will die,不能是别的——因为这个结构限定了你必须这么做。
all in all,看句意肯定是没错的,但是同一个意思可以用很多结构来表达;SC的题目会提供给我们N多结构,所以我们要看在每个选项中,该选项的结构是不是能够完整准确的反映句意。C,E,X三个选项都是可以表达这个句意的(尽管意思不一定准确),但是每个选项后面省略补全的时候,一定是按照结构去补全——因为作者采用了这个结构,就代表了作者认为省略的部分是读者可以推断出来的的;既然省略的部分是读者可推断的,那么我们补全省略部分的时候就按照该结构的普遍规律去补全就可以了。
疑问点在于如果把下面这个句子中的do改为will,和will die对应,那么是否正确?从逻辑上看是对了,但是会不会从语法上来看有问题?
Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary do
sunyuwei 发表于 2015-3-10 15:50
上次对于你的回答我觉得很赞同一直想找到一道同类题终于有一道,一起看下啦
Several studies have found ...
我觉得这里的理解不太对...假设我们采用B的结构,应该是:
... the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half the chance of dying of a heart attack than those who are sedentary do
那么这里的the coronary patients who exercise most actively是和后面的those who are sedentary是对应的。这里的do 代表的是do have(因为这里have是实义动词)。所以其实B选项单纯从比较的结构上来讲,是没有错误的。
当然,如果考虑句意的话,这里就是另外一个问题了。。。
D有do吗?貌似没有do吧...
倒是E选项,其实这个对比还是很有意思的。对比的是 coronary patients who exercise most actively are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack.
A is less likely than B to die of a heart attack.
反观B,对比的是
A have half the chance of dying of heart attack than B do.
上次对于你的回答我觉得很赞同一直想找到一道同类题终于有一道,一起看下啦
Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.
A.have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary
B.have half the chance, or less, of dying of a heart attack than those who are sedentary do
C.have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary do
D.are at least fifty percent less likely to die of a heart attack as those who are sedentary
E.are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack