两年后重新上路，为了宝宝加油↖(^ω^)↗

bestshanshan

两年前曾准备了一段时间 无奈楼主状态不佳 意志不够坚定 这两年结婚生子 工作稳定可是总觉得缺少什么 自己当初的梦想 希望能够给宝宝一个好的成长和生活环境，努力当一个好妈妈！我会每天上来打卡记录自己的复习进度！
准备先考G 后T 详细计划 慢慢写上来！

bestshanshan

充分必要条件指示词
充分必要条件指示词



1.introduce a sufficient condition: if/when/whenever/every/all/any/people who/in order to/to



2.introduce a necessary condition: then/only/only if/must/require/no,none(在句子开头)



3.unless equation: unless/except/until/without(其后面部分变成必要条件，其它加NOT变充分条件)



4.特例：the only way to achieve success is to work hard.  achieve success(充分条件)



only a professional consultant can solve the organization’s problems. a professional consultant(必要条件)



no citizen can be denied the right to vote. denied the right to vote(充分条件). no citizen(必要条件)

bestshanshan

Due to   caused by   because of

  

—Use ‘due to’ only to modify nouns.

—Usage of ‘due to’ is correct, if the sentence makes sense when ‘due to’ is replaced with ’caused by’.

—Use ‘because of’ to modify verbs.

—‘Due to’ & ‘because of’ are not interchangeable.

bestshanshan

—if you have a modifier of the form (subordinating conjunction) + (participle), then, no matter where that modifier is placed, it should describe the subject of the clause to which it is attached.

—although exhausted from a long day of work, james still played football with his son.

—james, although exhausted from a long day of work, still played football with his son.

—james still played football with his son, although exhausted from a long day of work.

—when we have “when + past participle” (and nothing else in between), then we’re talking about some action done by the subject of the main clause touching that “when” modifier

—I ate mangoes with my sister when hungry.

—I ate mangoes on the beach when hungry.

—I ate mangoes on the beach when (I was) hungry.

—"even though" MUST be followed by a clause.
"although", however, can be followed by an adjective or adjective phrase: james, although bigger than many of the other players, is one of the fastest men on the team.

bestshanshan

关于介宾短语做为先行词 是不适用的， enough that 也是不对的
http://www.beatthegmat.com/affording-strategic-proximity-to-the-strait-of-gibraltar-t10206.html

in general, OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS are very rarely the antecedents of pronouns. (i won't say never -- but rarely enough that, if you have to make a random guess, this is probably a pretty good standard by which to make such a guess.)
for instance:
if you have "the cat in the box", then it is very unlikely that a pronoun will be able to stand for "box".
see #29 in the blue verbal supplement, choices (a) and (b).
you can also apply this guideline here -- both “the strait of gibraltar” and “the first half of the 20th century” are objects of prepositions, so they are going to be generally disfavored as antecedents for pronouns.

bestshanshan

EGMAT
Verb-ing 的第二页中的例题 ，但这句话没有理解透
有待进一步消化
Now as you can see, “which circle…” modifies the noun phrase “80 massive planets”. Now this modifier is not written in correct construction since which is typically preceded by a comma. Remember that the comma that precedes “which” does not separate “which” but is part of the comma pair that separates the modifier – most of them…from the rest of the sentence.

bestshanshan

PLACEMENT OF VERB-ING MODIFIERS
The function played by a verb-ing modifier depends upon where and how it appears in the sentence. The verb-ing modifiers can take three places in a sentence:
1. Placed after a clause PRECEDED by a comma,
2. Placed after a clause NOT PRECEDED by a comma,
3. In the beginning of a clause followed by a comma.

FUNCTIONS: RULE SET #1
If the verb-ing modifier appears after a clause and is preceded by a comma, then it modifies the entire preceding clause. It
a. either presents additional information about the preceding clause,
b. or presents the result of the preceding clause.

SIMPLE EXAMPLES: Presenting Additional Information


bestshanshan

Concision：
Being/there being /that being– wordy
OG 3.C
OG 4.D.E

刚从帖子有看到consider to be 结构存疑 说是GMAT一般不用 有待考证

bestshanshan

常用的Reporting Verb

indicate, claim, contend,  report, announce, assert, believe, confess, demonstrate, doubt, expect, hold, know, mention, observe, proclaim, reason, recognize, repeat, state, think,  warn,
as be convinced, be certain, be assured, and so forth.

bestshanshan

semicolon 分号 ; 是在一个主语之下分支出来的动作 我的理解  举例 OG 26

在这里再重新理一下思路：


分号的作用正如上面我查到的解释所说，他虽然是停顿，但是它所连接的两个句子是有联系的！


og225


225. Minnesota is the only one of the contiguous forty-eight states that still has a sizable wolf population, and where this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep.


(A) that still has a sizable wolf population, and where



(B) that still has a sizable wolf population, where



(C) that still has a sizable population of wolves, and where



(D) where the population of wolves is still sizable；（E）



(E) where there is still a sizable population of wolves and where



1 先看题干，是两个定于从句，也就是说后面的两个小句子（从句）在正确选项中也应该与Minnesota 是从属关系的。这是大前提。



2 在D中，分号后的句子是 this predator remains the archenemy of cattle and sheep，这样他就与前面这句话形成了并列关系，而不是从属关系，改变了原句的结构 所以og说：



Choice D is grammatically constructed, but it lacks a conjunction that establishes a logical relation between the clauses; since Minnesota as a grammatical subject is separated from the clause following the semicolon, the statement there need not even pertain to Minnesota.



这道题D选项错并不是原来自己分析的原因，而是因为这样的结构不对。