3.13逻辑题答案

韩小宁

1、In Patton City, days are categorized as having heavy rainfall (more than two inches), moderate rainfall (more than one inch, but no more than two inches), light rainfall (at least a trace, but no more than one inch), or no rainfall. In 1990, there were fewer days with light rainfall than in 1910 and fewer with moderate rainfall, yet total rainfall for the year was 20 percent higher in 1990 than in 1910.
If the statements above are true, then it is also possible that in Patton City
A.        the number of days with heavy rainfall was lower in 1990 than in 1910
B.        the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was the same in 1990 as in 1910
C.        the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was higher in 1990 than in 1910
D.        the total number of inches of rain that fell on days with moderate rainfall in 1990 was more than twice what it had been in 1910
E.        the average amount of rainfall per month was lower in 1990 than in 1910

1)        moderate [英][ˈmɒdərət] [美][ˈmɑdərɪt]adj.有节制的; 稳健的，温和的; 适度的，中等的
2)        正确选项：A
3)        前提：P城市有四种雨：heavy、moderate、light、no.
        事实：  天数：1990 light days< 1910 light days
                   降雨量：1990 moderate rain<1910 moderate rain
1990 total rain> 1910 total rain
4)        选项分析：a. 1990 heavy rain days < 1910 heavy rain days 有可能降雨天数少，但是降雨量多也能满足事实，1990年的降雨总量大于1910的降雨总量。
                        b. 1990 moderate rain days= 1910   错误，直接与题干矛盾
                        c. 1990 moderate rain days> 1910   错误，直接与题干矛盾
                        d. 1990 moderate rainfall >1910的2倍．错误，同理
                        e. 1990 average amount of rainfall per month < 1910 错误，既然总的降雨量1990大于1910，那么平均同除12个月自然也应该是大于。

Transnational cooperation among corporations is experiencing a modest renaissance among United States firms even though projects undertaken by two or more corporations under a collaborative agreement are less profitable than projects undertaken by a single corporation. The advantage of transnational cooperation is that such joint international projects may allow United States firms to win foreign contracts that they would not otherwise be able to win.

Which of the following is information provided by the passage above?

A.        Transnational cooperation involves projects too big for a single corporation to handle.  .
B.        Transnational cooperation results in a pooling of resources leading to high-quality performance.  .
C.        Transnational cooperation has in the past been both more common and less common than it is now among United States firms.  .
D.        Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations are not profitable enough to be worth undertaking.  .
E.        Joint projects between United States and foreign corporations benefit only those who commission the projects.  


1)        Renaissance [riˈneisns] n.文艺复兴; 文艺复兴时期; 文艺复兴时期
2)        正确选项：C
3)        前提：现在美国公司跨国公司的合作正在经历复兴，即使一个项目被两个或者两个以上的公司完成的利润比独自一家公司的要少。
结论：跨国合作的好处是加入国际项目可以使让美国公司赢得他们可能没办法赢得的国外合同。
4)        选项分析：A、需要国际合作的项目对于一家公司很难，文章提到过说项目的利润多家公司合作肯定比自家单干理论少，间接说明单独一家公司还是有可能handle的。
                        B、high-quality performance无关信息
                        C、more common and less common 指原来不流行现在又流行了，是这种模式的复兴。与原文吻合。
                        D、只提到利润比较少，没说到not profitable
                        E、only those who commission the projects.首先only太过绝对，其次也没办法从文章知道参加的公司一定是commission the projects.
       
3、Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Times reorganized its advertising sales force. Before reorganization, the sales force was organized geographically, with some sales representatives concentrating on city-center businesses and others concentrating on different outlying regions. The reorganization attempted to increase the sales representatives' knowledge of clients' businesses by having each sales representative deal with only one type of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization, revenue from advertising sales increased.

In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be most helpful to find out which of the following?

A.        What proportion of the total revenue of the Greenville Times is generated by advertising sales?  .
B.        Has the circulation of the Greenville Times increased substantially in the last two years?  .
C.        Among all the types of industry and retailing that use the Greenville Times as an advertising vehicle, which type accounts for the largest proportion of the newspaper's advertising sales?  .
D.        Do any clients of the sales representatives of the Greenville Times have a standing order with the Times for a fixed amount of advertising per month?  .
E.        Among the advertisers in the Greenville Times, are there more types of retail business or more types of industrial business?  

1)        正确答案：B
2)        前提：一个广告企业希望通过重组人力，来遏制下降的收入。它将自己的业务员分区作业，一些在市中心，而一些在周边。
结论：通过让员工只负责一个领域来提高认知专业化，最终收入上升。
问题：在评估是否广告销售的改善可以归因于重组，下列哪一项是最有用的？
3)        选项分析：A收入有多少比例是由广告产生？ 这说的是广告和收入的关系，与原文重组无关。
                        B发行量有没增加？意思是问，除了取得收入的方法改变以外，大环境里的销量本身有没有增加呢？指明了取得收入的直接影响因素。正确。
                        C哪些企业的类型对广告收入提供最大 这说的是企业类型和收入的关系 无关
                        D用户订的量会不会固定？用户与公司重组无直接联系
                        E哪种类型的企业更多 这个问题和C一样，说的是企业类型，与原文无关


Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally, deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage by feeding on infected white-footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. If the population of these other species were increased, more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfected hosts, so the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium would likely decline.

Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in evaluating the argument?

A.        Whether populations of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed are found only in areas also inhabited by white-footed mice .
B.        Whether the size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availability of animals for the tick's larval stage to feed on .
C.        Whether the infected deer tick population could be controlled by increasing the number of animals that prey on white-footed mice
D.        Whether deer ticks that were not infected as larvae can become infected as adults by feeding on deer on which infected deer ticks have fed.
E.        Whether the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor any other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans

1)        larval [英]['lɑ:vl][美]['lɑ:vl] adj.幼虫的，幼虫状态的;
tick  [英][tɪk][美][tɪk]  n. 蜱虫;（表示正确无误的）记号;钟的嘀嗒声;vt.& vi.发出滴答声;标以记号
2)        正确选项：C
3)        前提：Lyme病毒是鹿身上的寄生虫传染给人的。寄生虫在幼虫时期吃被感染的白脚老鼠身上的病菌。
结论：因为这种幼虫也吃其他东西，所以如果增加别的其他东西的数量，鹿的寄生虫感染的机会就会降低，因而传染给人的几率也会降低。
4)        分析过程：这题突破口在于幼虫的进食问题。找到一个说明寄生虫吃其他东西的可能性，或者它有很多其他东西可以吃的选项就ok了。
5)        选项分析：C说寄生虫幼虫时期只吃一顿。（这说明如果有且只有白脚老鼠，那就会被感染。如果有大量其他东西可以吃，寄生虫吃到白脚老鼠的机会就大大减少。因为他们只吃一次！） 所以人类感染的可能也小。加强结论。
                       A选项说这种寄生虫携带这种传染给人的病毒的时候，自己不会遭受负面影响，与原文结论无关。
                       B说没有人从和白脚老鼠的直接接触中感染。但这与原文结论无关。
                       D说一个单一的宿主能够是很多细菌的来源，无关信息。
                       E说other bacteria，范围显然不对，无关。

Scientists have made genetic modifications to cotton to increase its resistance to insect pests. According to farmers' report, the amount of insecticide needed per acre to control insect pests was only slightly lower for those who tried the modified seed than for those who did not. Therefore, since the modified seed costs more than ordinary seed without producing yields of higher market value, switching to the modified seed would be unlikely to benefit most cotton farmers economically.
Which of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?

A.        Whether farmers who tried the modified cotton seed had ever tried growing other crops from genetically modified seed.
B.        Whether the insecticides typically used on ordinary cotton tend to be more expensive than insecticides typically used on other crops .
C.        Whether for most farmers who grow cotton it is their primary crop .
D.        Whether the farmers who have tried the modified seed planted as many acres of cotton, on average, as farmers using the ordinary seed did .
E.        Whether most of the farmers who tried the modified seed did so because they had previously had to use exceptionally large quantities of insecticide


1)        正确答案：D
2)        前提：科学家做一种转基因种子。他们从农民那里得知：那些改良后的种子所需的杀虫剂仅比没有改良的种子少一点。
结论：考虑到改良种子的成本，这样的种子给农民带来的经济效益不高。
3)        选项分析：A.说这些人种其他植物，跑题。
                        B.说杀虫剂哪个更贵，无关。
                        C.说棉花是否是主要农作物，没说。
                        D.说种棉花的面积问题，因为原文中说单位面积转基因种子比普通种子用药只少一点，但是如果面积很大的话，这种细微的积累将会是一笔可观的费用，因此，如果面积带来的成本可以大于转基因成本则转基因更好，如果面积很小，则没有必要。因此，面积是评估这种说法的一个point。
                        E.说大多数农夫用新种子是因为原来用大量杀虫剂，原文没有提及。并且原文一直说普通种子和新种子在单位面积上需要的杀虫剂无太大差别。

韩小宁

第三题，还希望大家能够讨论一下，我觉得那几个选项都和原文没有什么联系呢~