[prep 2012 cr求解]——069.043.038.029

两月速战

做了prep2012  仔细回顾了以后还是有些题没想通  请各路大神指教  多谢。

069.
Southington University's fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted this year. This rate would be the expected rate if the only potential donors contacted were those who have donated in the past. But good fund-raisers constantly contact less likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base. Thus the high success rate, far from showing that the fund-raisers did a good job, shows insufficient canvassing effort.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.  Among potential donors contacted by Southington University's fund-raisers, the majority of those who did not
make donations were people who had made donations to the university in the past.
B.  The amount of money raised by Southington University's fundraisers this year was lower than the amount they
had raised in any of the previous several years.
C.  Individual donations made to Southington University this year were, on average, slightly larger than were
average individual donations made to many other universities.
D.  Fund-raisers contacting past donors are not only to get new donations but also to get names of potential new
donors to contact.
E.  The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Southington University were from
donors who had never given to the university before.
（答案为E,为什么不为D）

043
Two centuries ago, Tufe Peninsula became separated from the mainland, isolating on the newly formed Tufe Island a population of sunflowers.
This population's descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than sunflowers found on the mainland. Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was. So the current average height of sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.  There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dry conditions.  
B.  There were about as many sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago as there are on Tufe Island today.
C.  The mainland‘s environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in sunflowers on the mainland growing
to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago.
D.  The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that help sunflowers survive and
grow tall in a dry environment.
E.  The 40-centimeter height difference between the sunflowers on Tufe Island and those on the mainland is the
only difference between the two populations.
（答案为C,为什么不为E）


038
Surveys in Domorica indicate that only 10 percent of Domoricans in their twenties read a newspaper regularly, while more than half of all Domoricans over thirty read a newspaper regularly. Although Domoricans in their twenties constitute a large proportion of the population, newspaper publishers nonetheless predict that ten years from now, the percentage of Domoricans who regularly read a newspaper will probably be no lower than it is today.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the newspaper publishers’ prediction?

A.  The number of Domoricans in their twenties is less than the number of Domoricans over thirty.  
B.  The number of newspapers in Domorica has been gradually increasing over the past several decades.  
C.  The proportion of Domoricans in their twenties who regularly read a newspaper has always been low.
D.  The surveys defined a regular reader of a newspaper as someone who reads a newspaper more than twice a
week.
E.  The proportion of Domoricans who regularly read a newspaper was higher 20 years ago than it is today.
（答案为C,为什么不为A）


029
In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances. A petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?" The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments
and in government that are open to the public.
Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

A.  Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect
nonsmokers.  
B.  In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to
the public.  
C.  The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law
does.
D.  There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.
E.  The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities
have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.
（答案为C,为什么不为B）

再次感谢~~~

两月速战

wwxavier 发表于 2013-11-6 00:32
69. D选项获得与潜在捐赠者的联系，不代表一定能拿到donation。 这和题目结论没有关系。
43. E选项只是表明 ...

谢谢你    我再思考一下^^

soulwangh

An explanation from Manhattan :

We want a circumstance that would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters and answer choice C does the same.

The real problem in this question is to understand what argument is saying. People are asked to sign a petition that advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.

And we are asked to find a answer choice that would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters. Ask yourself how it will be misleading, it can only be misleading when you are TOLD something else and in actually it is DOING the opposite.

You are told that state law will ban smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public. But what if the state law that petition is proposing is weaker than the already existing law? That is what is said in option C. i.e. The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.

Hope I am making some sense.

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post92463.html?sid=d348e98b04d765b1f0a446a7ce1204a1#p92463

wwxavier

69. D选项获得与潜在捐赠者的联系，不代表一定能拿到donation。 这和题目结论没有关系。
43. E选项只是表明了两个sunflower之间的距离这个事实，并没有和结论有联系，结论是岛上的sunflower矮是因为环境的影响。所以D选项说大陆上的一直没有改变过，就反向说明了岛上的是受到环境影响的。
38. A选项domoricans20代的人数比30代以上的人少，人口数和10年后多少人读报纸没有联系。 而且读完后我个人感觉就是20代读者在时间上的一个对比，和30代以后的人没有联系。
29.这题晕了半天，我觉得应该先理解题目讲了什么，people sign a petition aims to advocate a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government that are open to the public.题目问的是这件事情如果让人误解。 B选项农村有没有太多的Public places和题目的结论没有联系，所以应该是无关选项。C还靠谱点。
这几个题楼主都在对结论的理解上出现的错误，所以建议楼主一定要读懂题目结论。

两月速战

自己顶一下，希望大家帮帮忙~