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2013.10.6 (1.5h) 语法，首先第一条是语法基础必不可少，其次是语法题其实是考逻辑，是要求最高的一项，语法中的逻辑是关键，第三是千万不要只看划线句。 复习资料： · 曼哈顿的SC、CR和RC就是三本语文部分 · GWD/TN24套 · 做了模考笔记，也看了无数遍 · 数学部分：陈向东的数学 逻辑部分，我总结一下： 1. 读懂段落，多半就会做。 2. 熟悉题型，随着问题找读题的重点， 3. 达到标准的方法是突然发现lawyer经典的帖子字字珠玑。四大经典题型是假设、支持、削弱和找主题。
另一个强帖：
打算调整一下步调，觉得应该从语法上开始，因为阅读能力和单词是基础，在语法方面可以总结出来。接下来的计划是Bible/Mahattan/OG/Prep08.07
Bible: 语法的选项A／B／C／D／E有可能是平均分配的。最难的语法题是选项都是读起来不顺的，但是要选最好的。下面是 hierarchy of errors: Category 1: Technical grammar rules 铁定错的 These include most of what the following chapters discuss: incorrect verb tense,subject/verb disagreement, misplaced modifiers, lists that don’t use parallelconstruction, comparisons that don’t compare like things, and incorrect pronounusage. These are the sorts of things that show up in grammar books. When you find an error that falls into one of these categories, it is wrong. There’s noambiguity--a choice thatbreaks one of these fundamental grammar rules will never be right. Category 2: Idioms and Mood 与第一条比有可能对 Part ofthe problem with idioms, as I alluded to in the previous chapter, is that thereis almost an infinite number of idioms in English. Some of them, such as therule that determines using "less" and "fewer," areunambiguous. Many more of them, like the hundreds of guidelines that pair verbsand prepositions ("concernedwith," "concerned for," "concerned about") are notnearly as clear. In the Idioms chapter below, you’ll find the unambiguous ones. Thosegenerally belong in Category 1. However, everything else belongs here. If youthink you’ve found an obscure idiom problem, you might be right...or the testmight be using another obscure idiom that you aren’t familiar with. The otherissue in this category is the passive mood, or as it is more commonly known,"passive voice." In general terms, a sentence uses passive voice whenthe object precedes the subject. ("John was complimented by Kim" is passive,while "Kim complimented John" is active.) The GMAT prefers active voice. That said,long sentences can be passive without the mood causing many problems, and somesentences are active but are still awkward. Passive voice just isn’t asclear-cut as the technical rules in Category 1. When you identify an error in Category2, you can probably eliminate the choice, but be careful. A choice with aCategory 2 error will, in rare cases, be correct. Such a choice is correct ifand only if all four of the other choices have Category 1 errors. Category 3: Clarity (and everything else) 与前两条比有可能对 If youread through the explanations in The Official Guide to GMAT Review, you’ll find frustratingly vague descriptions of grammatical errors. Terms like "clarity of expression," "elegance of expression," and "rhetorical construction" appear again and again. In general,those terms refer to the efficiency with which a sentence is written. All else equal, a short sentence is better than a long one. Active voice is one way to achieve that, but sometimes it’s just a matter of rearranging phrases. The GMATwould prefer that no sentence ever be awkward, redundant, inelegant, orunnecessarily long. However, lots of correct SC answers have some of thosecharacteristics. This occurs more often on harder questions and on items wherethe entire sentence is underlined. When you encounter these Category 3 errors, be very careful: Lots of choices with Category 3 errorsend up being correct. As with choices that contain Category 2 errors, choiceswith Category 3 errors could be right or wrong. It depends on the otheranswers. A Category 3 choice will probably be wrong more often than it isright, but it can be right—if and only if the other four choices have Category1 and/or Category 2 errors.
错误分为三个category，所以作总结的时候每一个选项按照优先级区分。 下面分别说明： 名词：thedistinction between plural nouns and singular nouns. 代词：When apronoun is used, it should be clear what it refers to. 形容词：基本只修饰名词，GMAT中很少出现大量形容词修饰成分。 动词：后面会提到，很复杂。 副词：基本只修饰动词，可在动词前，也可在动词后。 介词：focuson the precise meaning of these words. E.g. “before” will always be used whencomparing times; “Toward” appears when one thing is moving in the direction ofanother.
在看选项之前，focus on exactly what the words mean, and whether the sentence structure makes sense.在做阅读和逻辑的时候，我们要培养读句子的时候不是只看作者写了什么，而是要思考他要表达什么。然而语法正好相反，我们要找的是句子用词imprecision和nonsensical phrasings.
动词时态： 一般我们有past,present, and future tenses; 我们更要注意的是进行时和完成时。E.g. "He was writing an essay." "He is writing an essay." "He will be writing anessay." "Before the economy’s recentrecovery, it had had made investors nervous." "The economy is recovering, but ithas made investors nervous." "By the time the economy recovers,it will have made investors nervous."
规律： 1. Verbtenses must make logical sense. If the meaning of the sentence indicates theorder in which two events occur, the earlier event must be described using anearlier tense than the later event. 2.Progressive tenses are generally not desirable. Use of a progressive tense isdefinitely a Category 3 error; you will see correct answers using progressivetenses. However, just about any "ing" verbs can be improved, andoften the GMAT gives you a better option. 3. In general, perfect tensescannot be used unless the corresponding simple tense is also present in the sentence.For instance, it wouldn’t be grammatically correct to say, "The economyhad been slumping." The past perfect tense implies that it had beenslumping before some other event occurred. To be correct, the sentence needs to include something in the past tense. For example, "The economy had beenslumping before legislators passed a comprehensive aid package." The eventdescribed using past perfect precedes the event described using simple past. 4. The one exception to theprevious rule is present perfect. It is acceptable to use the present perfectwithout also describing an event using simple present. For instance,"The economy has been slumping" could be correct. 一般来讲，完成时要有前因后果，如使用过去完成时就要有过去时，但是4中讲到，现在完成时是特例，可单独在句中使用。
主谓一致： 一般来说，主语为名词，当然很多情况下会有很多修饰成分。另外，每个句子都要有一个动词，且这个动词要根据主语的单复数形式而定。但需要注意的是动词的形式不是根据临近名词的。GMAT出题时会把主语和动词离得很远来误导我们。
虚拟语气： 1.If a sentenceexpresses a hypothetical, use the verb "were" instead of"was." Forinstance, this is correct: If I were to apply to an MBA program, I might beaccepted. The keyword is "if," which signals the hypothetical. 2. Mandatingsubjunctive: 用强制性的动词做虚拟语气，如request, demand, command...E.g. "You should finish yourwork." "I think you need to decide."è"I request that you finish your work." "He demanded that thedecision be made." 我们需要注意的是： First, the mandatingsubjunctive applies to any tense. ("Request" is present, while"demanded" is past.) Second, the words "should" and"need" are gone altogether. Requesting and demanding imply that thework should be done and that the decision be made. Finally, note in the secondsentence the use of the word "be." It might feel more natural to write,"He demanded that the decision should be made," but as I’ve pointedout, the word "demanded" implies that it "should" be made.The word "should," then, is redundant. | 
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发表于 2013-9-27 21:00:01
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