prep2012-CR-057让我三观凌乱···

ywxkdxh

Prep2012-Pack1-CR-057 VCR000738 Hard  When a city experiences a sharp decline in population, the city's tax revenues, which pay for such city services as police protection and maintenance of water lines, also decrease. The area to be policed and the number and length of the water lines to be maintained, however, do not increase. Attempting to make up the tax revenue lost by raising tax rates is not feasible, since higher tax rates would cause even more residents to leave.（这句是为了说明不能通过增税来弥补税收损失？所以税收总量会减少。既要税收总量减少， 又要police protection and maintenance of water lines保持同样的维护即同样的税收支出，所以税收支出的结构比例变化，在police protection and maintenance of water lines方面的支出不变，但在用在其他公共服务上的税收支出减少？）
The information given most strongly supports which of the following general claims?
A. If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance do not deteriorate, some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
B. If a city's tax rates are held stable over a period of time, neither the population nor the levels of city services provided will tend to decline over that period.
C. If a city's population declines sharply, police protection and water line maintenance are the services that deteriorate most immediately and most markedly.
D. A city that suffers revenue losses because of a sharp decline in population can make up some of the lost tax revenue by raising tax rates, provided the city's tax rates are low in relation to those of other cities.
E. A city that is losing residents because tax rates are perceived as too high by those residents can reverse this population trend by bringing its tax rates down to a more moderate level.

这道题我选B，现在明白了为什么B不对， 但对正确答案A项理解不了，做题时直接把A当做无关项排除了。我的理解：这道题是问通过以上信息最有可能得出哪个结论。那么，原文attempting to ...,since...这段推理也成为事实前提了吗？但是这部分又是如何与A项联系起来的呢？以下这段解释：

What conclusion does the information suggest about cities in general? The information suggests that in cities, a population decline tends to reduce overall revenues that fund city services without reducing the need for two specific services: police protection and water fines. It also says that raising tax rates causes further population declines and does not raise revenues. But we are not told how overall revenues are distributed among city services, nor how the distribution might change. Even if overall funds decline, revenues for some specific city services could remain the same, while revenues for other services are severely cut.



还麻烦XDJM们帮忙看看~

Mathisxy

我觉得这个题目很有问题啊，原文只说了用于警察和水管的费用不能减少，又没说用于其他设施的费用就一定会减少。或许这个城市能得到中央政府的财政资助呢？或许它有别的途径获得一些补贴呢？只要它可以通过税收以外的方式获得钱，它就可以在不牺牲其他设施的情况下，保持警察和水管设施的良好维护啊。A项说其他设施一定会deteriorate我觉得太绝对了吧，所以我感觉5个选项全是错的。

FlyingC2

enkyklios 发表于 2013-4-29 18:53
When a city experiences a sharp decline in population,（如果人口减少）
the city's tax revenues, wh ...

我根据你的理解再理一下思路

原文： 人口减少=》税收减少，必然要减少政府支出。
至于减少哪个还没确定，
先考虑了削减警水services，但会导致更多人离开，税收进一步减少

实际结论是在正确选项里：A：只能削减其他的service

我觉得难点在于问题
问题是如何支持，但又在文中找不到结论句

rachelbaby321

such as说的真好，还有这个题目问法也很重要

千贺铃

二楼的such as 一针见血。强

No.89757

这道题我也错了，感谢解答~

ywxkdxh

enkyklios 发表于 2013-4-29 18:53
When a city experiences a sharp decline in population,（如果人口减少）
the city's tax revenues, wh ...

我明白了，谢谢
such as表示列举，所以除police protection and water line maintenance之外service还包括其他。

之前做逻辑，看到尾句有since、therefore之类的连词，就习惯把末句当做结论。类似上面那道题文章中是木有结论的，所以The area to be policed and the number and length of the water lines to be maintained, however, do not increase 和attempt to...是并列的。我知道之前的思维漏洞在哪儿了，嘿嘿···

enkyklios

When a city experiences a sharp decline in population,（如果人口减少）
the city's tax revenues, which pay for such city services as police protection and maintenance of water lines, also decrease. 那么税收就会减少
要想税收不减少；第一 The area to be policed and the number and length of the water lines to be maintained, however, do not increase.          （不可行）     第二；attempt to ……不可行

得出结论； If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance do not deteriorate  只能在such service 中去掉 警水维护之外的 some other service
这个题关键是 such  as   ，