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From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.

Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?

正确答案: C

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【请教】Prep 07 23

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发表于 2013-3-26 18:53:31 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
原题:From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.


答案选C,我想问的是,生产商使用塑料瓶更多替换玻璃瓶而不是铝罐头,和玻璃占垃圾比重降低有什么关系?和重复利用又有什么关系?。。我感觉我脑子已经短路了,求解答!~谢谢!
收藏收藏 收藏收藏
13#
发表于 2019-11-14 19:47:18 | 只看该作者
我来解释一下,首先题目一个很贱的点就是问的是百分比的下降而不是重量下降哦?
如果题目问的是glass重量下降的比can更多,那应该选A
但题目问的是glass下降的比例比can下降的比例更多。。
这个时候最先在我脑海里出现的就是1、glass回收的数量要比can多  2、新的glass比以前的glass更轻了
同时题目又有一个假设说can的回收力度要比glass大,那第一条路道路就被堵死了
而C选项说的是很多glass被换成塑料了,说明什么?提供了一条新思路。。。来源少了!
想一下,原来我的垃圾里有5个glass5个can,回收1个glass3个can ---因为can的回收力度更大
C选项意味着只有1个glass5个can---回收1个glass3个can ---同样满足假设can的回收力度gengda
但是一对比,是不是glass的重量下降的比例更大了!glass下降了100%,但是can只下降60%
12#
发表于 2019-8-29 12:49:45 | 只看该作者
Spot the question type: Infer/ Support

Structure of the argument

Background info ( the percentage of beverage containers accounted for total weight of household garbage in usa is steadily decreasing ) Evidence of that info ( Recycling aluminum and glass for the most of weight decline ). Concession of that evidence ( more aluminum be recycled than glass be recycled ), and then the other fact " seems" to be contracted with the infos be offered ( the declined percentage of glass weight is way larger than the declined percentage of aluminum )

Well... we are actually comparing 4 different " percentages "

1. Total percentage of weight reduced

2. The percentage of the reduced weight of aluminum and glass

3.The differences of the percentages of weight reduced between Glass of 1978-1988 and Glass of prior to 1977


4. The differences of the percentages of weight reduced between Aluminum of 1978-1988 and Aluminum of prior to 1977

總下降重量假設為50%, 這50%裡面在假設10為鋁, 40為玻璃, 又告訴你鋁的回收極度高於玻璃的回收, 可是玻璃重量下降比率卻高高的大於鋁。

那只有一個可能性, 在沒有其他回收物的回收比例大於鋁或是大於玻璃的情況下, 玻璃的“使用比率”大大減少, 既然使用率大大減少, 那當然沒那麼多東西可以回收, 就是因為沒那麼多玻璃可以回收, 所以鋁的回收率大於玻璃的回收率, 可是整體的玻璃佔重比率, 當然下降得比鋁來的多
11#
发表于 2019-8-29 12:15:00 | 只看该作者
Mark一下!               
10#
发表于 2017-10-3 10:35:20 | 只看该作者
Sdx1993 发表于 2015-3-22 10:07
请教:A有没有削弱了结论成立的可能性呢?是不是因为比较选项A没有C好,所以衡量之下还是选择C? ...

这里如果回收了玻璃和铝,则总重量前后是会改变的。
比如原来重100KG的垃圾;
回收后变成了30KG的垃圾;分母变了
9#
发表于 2015-3-22 10:07:53 | 只看该作者
elsachialee 发表于 2013-9-18 07:41
我来参与探讨。。

前题:A和glass使得household garbage重量减少。

请教:A有没有削弱了结论成立的可能性呢?是不是因为比较选项A没有C好,所以衡量之下还是选择C?
8#
发表于 2015-3-22 10:03:14 | 只看该作者
对于A项我还是有两个疑问:
一,虽然题目谈的是百分比而非绝对数字,但是二者百分比的分母应该为household garbage。二者分母相同,不应该考虑的还是绝对重量的问题么?
二,既然讨论的相当于绝对重量,A说glass比aluminum重很多,就说明,即使glass回收的少,但回收的绝对重量仍然可能是glass>aluminum,这不是仍然削弱了结论成立的可能性吗?
7#
发表于 2013-11-14 15:19:54 | 只看该作者
wsywsywsy 发表于 2013-4-3 17:20
铝回收的范围大又广,则应该是:
因为铝回收而造成的垃圾中的由于铝的回收而造成的质量的减少的比重,应该 ...

元叔业界良心
6#
发表于 2013-9-29 12:42:14 | 只看该作者
elsachialee 发表于 2013-9-18 07:41
我来参与探讨。。

前题:A和glass使得household garbage重量减少。

哦,明白了!因为原文是by a greater percentage,所以讲的是减少的百分比 而非绝对质量
感谢你!!!~ 就你回我了嘻嘻
5#
发表于 2013-9-18 07:41:10 | 只看该作者
巫婆姗 发表于 2013-9-5 10:08
请教楼主,那A呢?虽然铝瓶回收的范围大又广,但是铝瓶没有玻璃瓶重,所以玻璃瓶减少的weight更多。这样理 ...

我来参与探讨。。

前题:A和glass使得household garbage重量减少。
虽然A比glass使用广泛,意思是,所以按照道理来说,那么A不会出现在household garbage中的重量要比glass多。但是,现在发现:(需要解释的finding是) 在household garbage中,glass的重量减少的比A的重量多。就是反而glass没有出现在household garbage中。可以解释这个矛盾的就是正确答案。

选项A说glass比铝重。没有解释这个paradox。前题没有说减少的是相同数量的glass和铝。有可能是1个glass的重量=5个铝的,但是,如果在垃圾中,铝的数量远远大于A,那么铝在垃圾中的总重量还是会大于glass的。
C说,厂家把玻璃的换成了塑料的了。解释了,为什么glass出现在生活垃圾中的重量少了。
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