问两道逻辑题，望牛牛们帮忙

melody1101

1、A beach has long had a dolphin feeding program where foods are given to dolphins several times a day; the dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. While dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are strong and long-lived, their offspring have a shorter life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed only in the wild
解释题
A. Many dolphines that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a mouth.
B. Adults dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.
选哪个呀亲们，答案是A，我觉得是B

2、Outbreaks of Oudayas Valley fever occur irregularly in North Africa, several years apart. When outbreak do occur, they kill hundreds of cattle. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and because it is ineffective untill two weeks after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nonetheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.

解释题

A. When an outbreak of Oudayas Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livrstock from the countries affected by the outbreak.

B. Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within three to six weeks, by an outbreak of Oudayas Valley fever.
答案是B，我觉得A对，快快答复小女子哈，谢谢各位啦！

韩啸0508

第一个，OG原题

Evaluation of a Plan
Overproduction of cotton had led to falling prices. To boost prices, the government
offered direct support payments to farmers who took 25 percent of their cotton acreage
out of production. Surprisingly, this plan, if successful, will not be a net burden on the
budget.
What would explain why the plan will not a net burden ? It will not be a net burden only
if as much or more will be added to the budget revenue as the amount paid out in
support payments. What government revenues would account for such an increase in
receipts? If, when cotton prices were falling, the cotton farmers had lower profits, they
were paying lower taxes to the government. When cotton prices increase (because less
cotton is offered in the market) and cotton farmers make greater profits, the
government is able to tax those profits. In the program, the increased tax revenue
compensates for the added expenditure.
A Correct. This statement properly explains how no net budget loss would result from the plan.
B The decline in cotton production in other countries does not explain why the program will not be a net burden on the budget.
C The difference in cotton acreage does not explain how the government can recover the costs of the direct-payment plan.
D This statement spells out an implication of the plan but does not help to explain how the plan would not be a net burden on the budget. The passage states that payments are made up to a specified maximum per farm, which suggests that large farms will get less per acre than smaller farms.
第二个 还是OG的

Argument Construction
Situation    An economist contends that the high rate of bank failures can partly be blamed on
federal insurance of bank deposits. The insurance removes any financial incentive for depositors to seek those banks that are the most secure against failure. In the absence of more selective depositors, the banks need not be secure to compete for deposits.
Reasoning What assumption underlies the economist’s argument? The economist argues that banks
would have to be more secure in a competitive environment with more discriminating depositors. The economist encourages potential depositors to be more selective in choosing a bank and therefore must believe that many depositors have sufficiently sound ideas about what makes a bank secure against failure and can often apply those ideas in determining which banks are secure.
A Although this statement explains how a bank failure may occur, it is not a necessary assumption for the economist’s argument about how depositors choose a bank.
B The argument never discusses multiple accounts, so this statement cannot be assumed.
C The economist argues that depositors are not careful in selecting banks; this statement contradicts that position, at least for some depositors, so it cannot be assumed.
D In arguing about choosing banks, the economist mentions nothing about the relation of interest rates to bank failures, so this statement is not assumed.
E Correct. This statement properly identifies the economist’s underlying assumption that potential depositors are able to determine which banks are more secure.
第三题，财政赤字不一定会导致贸易赤字》减少财政赤字不一定会减少贸易赤字
第四题，90%患心脏病概率，公司就可以拒绝申请者， 削弱， 没有一个正规的方法来计算患心脏病的概率（90%没法确定算出来啊）

melody1101

1.The cotton farms of Country Q became so productive that the market could not absorb all that they produced. Cousequently, cotton prices fell. The government tried to boost cotton prices by offering farmers who took 25 percent of their cotton acreage out of production direct support payments up to a specified maximum per farm.

The govenment's program, if successful, will not be a net burden on the budget. Which is the best basis for an explanation of how this could be so?
答案是：Depressed cotton prices meant operationg losses for cotton farms, and the government lost revenue from taxes on farm profits.
我选的是：Farmers who wished to qualify for support payments could not use the cotton acreage that was withdrawn from producton to grow any other crop.

2. Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits. An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it remoces from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure. If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.
削弱
答案是：When the government did not insure deposits, frequent bank failures occurred as a result of depositors' fears of losing money in bank failures
我选的是: Before the government started to insure depositors against bank failure, there was a lower rate of bank failure than there is now.

3. Large natinonal budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits. If they did, countries with the largest budget dificits would also have the largest trade deficits. In fact, when deficit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other, there is no such correlation.
归纳
答案是：Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade deficit that country may have.
我选的是: Reliable comparisons of the deficit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.

4.Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?
答案是：No legally accepted methods exist for calculaiting the risk of a job applicant's having a heare attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
我选的是：The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

韩啸0508

第一个题，答案是对的。首先，要看明白，The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that这句话到底是问什么的， 他不是问以下哪项能削弱结论，而是问你结论本身在推导的过程中，犯了什么错误
他犯的错误是，认为选坐高椅子的人是少数（反过来说，如果大多数人都会倾向于选择高椅子，那么换成高椅子，就有可能有利可图，即结论忽视坐高椅子人多的这种可能）
你的，坐stools吃饭时间少的人，吃的也便宜（无关）
第二个，SA的安全记录不好，为了安全，即使AD贵，也要坐AD
答案，SA出事主要在Sarm，（这个人走PD线，不落在Sarm，安全的）
你的 ，两家航空出事的数量都挺小的（无关，SA还是不安全）
第三个，问出现这个怪圈的前提premise
答案，立法者没有充分考虑会出现漏税的情况（怎么较充分考虑？比如说，要收100的税，如果知道会被漏掉20块，那么就直接征收120块）
你的，纳税人对于交税观念上没差（无关）
第四个，这个OG原题啊
Evaluation of a Plan Situation
In the face of rising postage costs, a magazine decides to cut in half the number of
issues it publishes a year, though the quality and quantity of the articles as well as the subscription price will remain the same. Market research indicates that this plan will not cost the magazine any subscribers or advertisers.
Reasoning How might the plan cause profits to decline? The magazine plans to maximize profits by reducing costs. What could lead to lower profits despite lower costs? Profits could decline if revenue is lost—and revenue will be lost if advertisers spend the same amount on advertising per issue when the number of issues is reduced by half. Therefore, the advertising revenues will be cut in half and a significant decline in profits is likely to result.
A If the number of issues is cut in half and the postage rate per issue goes up by a third, then
mailing costs still go down. This statement does not suggest that the plan will cause a decline in profits.
B This statement is irrelevant to the magazine’s profitability given the stated point that the quantity and quality of articles will not change.
C The passage says that the subscription price will not increase under the plan, so this statement provides no useful evidence.
D Correct. This statement properly identifies evidence of a flaw in the plan. While market research shows that advertisers will not be lost, this statement shows that a significant amount of advertising will be lost.
E Stable production costs would not lead to a decline in profits.
多一句嘴，OG是根本啊，不要盲目做题，要把题做透，总结和反思，SDCAR，要求大家，用英文思考，我知道这个难度有点高，题目都没看明白，怎么做题呢，
但是，用英文思考，可以帮你尽快的习惯英文的表达方式，是很有用的方法。总的来说，打好基础，反复思考，不要盲目贪求数量

韩啸0508

好吧，传说中的老花眼了，额，城里的light比较多，吸引了更多的虫，所以，house壁虎吃了更多的虫。

melody1101

1.At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables. However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities. Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables. Therefore, if the Hollywood repalced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would decrease.

The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that
答案是：a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering.
我选的是：a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer
这道题我觉得答案有问题，您觉得呢~


2.Traveler: Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentatia over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slighty more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
削弱argument
答案是：Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
我选的是：Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.

3. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in ture, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which were true?
答案是：When lawmakes establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be list through evasion.
我选的是：Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will caouse them to evade taxes.

4.Because postage rates are rising, Home Decorator magazine plans to maximize its profits by reducing by one half the number of issues it published each year. The quality of articles, the number of articles published per year, and the subscription price will not change. Market research shows that neither subsribers nor advertisers will be lost if the magazine's plan is instituted.

Which provides the strongest evidence that the magezine's profits are likely to decline if the plan is instituted?
答案是：Many of the adverrisers that purchase advertsing space in the magazine will continue to spend the same amount on advertising per issue as they have in the past.
我选的是：With the new postage rates, a typical issue under the proposed plan would cost about one-third more to mail than a typical current issue would.
我觉得我选的是对的~

melody1101

额，第一个我选的不是灯光的那个。。。您是不是看错了

韩啸0508

第一题，答案错了，你选的是对的，灯光影响壁虎吃虫。
第二题，压价竞争不会有利，因为一旦压价成功，任何补偿先前损失的加价行为都会给竞争对手一个低价出售的机会。
如果要削弱，就要说明，压价竞争是有用。
答案， 航空高管普遍认为一家公司如果曾经减过价，就极有可能在新的竞争对手出现的时候，再次减价（那么，一旦有竞争就减价，就不会再recoup的时候给对手机会了）
你的 当空航空公司急剧减价时，总的乘客人数会增加（这个是加强了，减价有利可图，人数增加，虽然价钱低了，总收入并不应定会减少）

melody1101

On pacific islands, a newly arrived gecko species, the house gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas, but pupulations of the species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement. The house gecko does not attack the nourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.

Which of the following contributes most to an explanation of the difference between gecko populations in urban and rural areas?
答案是: In places where there are lighted buildings, insects tend to gather around the light.
我选的是: In urban areas, geckos are valued because they eat so many insects.

Some airlines allegedly reduce fares on certain routes to a level at which they lose money, in order to drive competitors off those routes. However, this method of eliminating competition cannot be profitable in the long run. Once an airline successfully implements this method, any attempt to recoup the earlier losses by charging high fares on that route for an extended period would only provide competitors with a better opportunity to undercut the airline's fares.

削弱
答案是: Airline executives generally believe that a company that once underpriced its fares to drive away competitors is very likely to do so again if new competitors emerge.
我选的是: When airlines dramatically reduce their fares on a particular route, the total number of air passengers in that route increases greatly.

韩啸0508

这个题 幼鹿吃了会感染，但是other species吃了不会感染，结论是如果other species 数量增加，更多的幼鹿就吃uninfected hosts（ black mice ），这样，感染的ticks（幼鹿） 就会减少。
这是一个 自带条件的结论， 评价的部分 感染幼鹿的数量受到 capability of animals for the tick's larval stage to feed on（幼鹿吃mice的能力）的限制 即说明当幼鹿吃的infected black mice减少时（或是more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfected hosts），the number of ticks acquiring the virus would likely decline
选项 刚好回答了 结论自带的条件
你的答案 幼鹿不感染但是成年后可能感染 是无关的