【每日逻辑练习第三季】【1-10】

qiuhua01234567

2. Statistician:  A financial magazine claimed that itssurvey of its subscribers showed that North

Americans are more concerned about theirpersonal finances than about politics. Onequestion was: “Which do you think aboutmore: politics or the joy of earning money?”This question is clearly biased. Also, the readersof the magazine are a self-selecting sample.Thus, there is reason to be skeptical about theconclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.

Each of the following, if true, would strengthen thestatistician’s argument EXCEPT:


(A) The credibility of the magazine has been calledinto question on a number of occasions.

(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazinesurveys have eventually been disproved.

(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans arejust as concerned about politics as they are

about finances.

(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the resultsof surveys that are biased andunrepresentative.

(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans areconcerned not only with politics andfinances, but also with social issues.
A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.  It hopes in this way to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.



Each of the following, if true, strengthens the prospects that the radio station's plan will succeed EXCEPT:

(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.

(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.

(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.

(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.

(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.





Hutonian Government Official:  Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply.  Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.



Hutonian Business Representative:  But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.



Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?



(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.

(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.

(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.

(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.

(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.

The use of radar detectors in commercial vehicles was banned because commercial truck and bus drivers were using these devices to drive faster than the posted speed limit without fear of arrest.  Since drivers of noncommercial vehicles also use radar detectors and since speeding decreases safety for any vehicle, use of radar detectors should also be banned in noncommercial vehicles to increase safety.



Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument above?



(A) The average noncommercial-vehicle driver is involved in less long-distance driving than is the average commercial-vehicle driver.

(B) In many places airplanes or helicopters are used rather than radar to locate vehicles traveling faster than the posted speed limit.

(C) The ban on radar detectors in commercial vehicles has been effective in deterring them from speeding.

(D) Traffic accidents involving a truck or bus generally pose a greater threat of injury or death than do other accidents.

(E) Radar detectors are sometimes set off by devices other than the law enforcement devices that the radar detectors were built to detect.

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.  Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.  The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.



Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?

(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.

(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.

(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.

(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.

(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.

The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.



Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.

(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.

(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.

(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.

(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

Threesu

T:59
P:The M drawn the conclusion that North Americans more concerned
about their financial than politics by asking a biase question
C:The conclusion is inaccurate.
E
T:22
P:A commercial radio station planed to play some music sang
15-25yeas ago to attract the people ranging from 35-45.
C:Stronger market appeal to advertisers.
C
T:44
P:According to a ban, truck drivers must have a rest after
ten hours driving.
C:Officer plans to build more rest areasl.
D
T:21
P:Radar deter alow automatics to dirve above the limited without
punishing.
C:It's not sfe, so it should be banned in both commercial and
incommercial cars.
C
T:20
P:According to a experiment, comnsumers consuming large amount of popular
appear to be less congnitive.
C:It is dertrimental to human body.
D
T:34
P:t
C:the seasonal valation of population is related to the seasonal
fight among the young people in V
A

南瓜0729

29s
P:the survey question is biased.
 the sample is self-selecting.
C：the conclusion is skeptical.
B-->E
Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer. The answer has no impact on the statistician’s argument because a third topic—social issues—was not part of the magazines’ survey, nor does this answer suggest anything about the preference of North Americas for finance or politics. Because the answer has no impact, it is correct in a Strengthen X question.

22s
P：the station will play music that 15-25 years ago.
C：it will attract people who are 35-45 and appeal to advertisers.
C

42s
O:since there is not enough area for drivers to rest, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.
R:there are enough room to park, if area around business are considered.
推测：R说的地方没法用来park。
A-->C
认为C中 private lots是无关信息 但其实就是只商用place

38s
P：安装radar的商用车司机开的比限速快
C：since non-commercial cars use radar and 超速降低安全，the use of radar should be banned.因果结论
推测：商用车和非商用车有共性
C

34s
P：多吃sweetener的认知能力低
C：sweetener里的氨基酸导致了这种结果  因果结论
推测：另一种汗氨基酸的物质也有这种结果
D

高七七

2.
B: G’s radio station plans to play 15-25 yrs ago famous song
P: hope to achieve 35-45 yrs old people
C: strong market
Choose: C

3.
HGO: drivers-10 hours- long break, usually not comply.
Rest area cannot accommodate all drivers
Plan to build more—increase compliance
HBR: more enough.
Choose C

4.
B: radar detectors in commercial vehicles banned—faster without fear &arrest
P: noncom car—also use
C: should be ban
Choose: C

5.
Experimental group—consumed large sweetener—
                              --little cognitive abilities than control group
Control group—not consume
C: amino acid-- one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Choose D

6. E

livdl

38S
P 一项杂志的调查显示美国人更关注个人财产方面而不是政治
但是这个杂志的问题是你更喜欢政治还是赚钱 问题就有bias
而且调查样本是根据个人选择 不权威
C 所以这个结论不是准确的
喜欢做这项调查的本来就多是关心财产问题的
很多关心政治的人为了隐瞒都选择更关心 earning money
E 无关

26
P 电台决定播放十多年前得老歌
C 这样他们就能吸引三四十岁的人从而吸引广告商
三四十岁的人大多数都喜欢十多年前的老歌
很多广告商都是以三四十岁得人为消费目标群体
C

55
P 新法律规定卡车司机必须开十个小时之后休息 由于高速公路旁没有足够可以停车的位置 政府决定多建停车位
反驳 如果停车场也考虑在内的话 停车位会过剩
C 政府的合理
C

37
P 由于车上装有雷达监测器 商业用车肆无忌惮的超速
C 由于非商业用车也有雷达检测器 会威胁安全 所以非商业用车也应该禁止使用
非商业用车也有超速的危险
C

34
P 一种实验中的物质用人工sweeter 其感知能力比另一种不用的少
C 所以人工sweeter中的一种什么酸是造成感知能力差异的原因
除掉这种酸 再进行比较 感知能力相同
D

43
P 一种动物 住在草原上 其由家庭单位聚居 但是秋冬季 每一组数量多 春夏季节则少
C 季节变换是导致年轻动物成活率的原因
具体 由于季节变换 食物多少决定数量
E




++++++++++++++++++++++++++
伤不起哟 继续补作业。。。

xunjiejie5

56s
背景： 北美的人比起关心政治更加关心他们的个人经济。
前提：一个问题——是有争议的——样本也有问题
结论：所以调查的结论是受怀疑的。
A 削弱 B削弱  C 无关 D 重复前提  E 正确
2
21s
结论：电台打算播放老歌
前提：这些歌可以吸引中年人，让他们产生共鸣
A 支持 B 支持 C 削弱 正确 D 支持 E 无关
3
10小时休息——不同意——没有足够的空间停车休息——所以要建造更多的——满足需求
不要建新的，要是商业的被考虑进来的话，就会有更多的空间。
C
4
前提：安了雷达的货车和商务车，速度更快了，所以导致不安全
结论：非商务车也应该禁止安防雷达
C
5
前提：全部消化糖的——意识较弱
     消化一半的——意思较高一点
结论：这是因为一种acid的作用导致的
预测：acid 与人的意识有关系
A 无关 B 无关 C 无关 Ｄ支持 E 与前提说的不一致
6
32s
背景：一种动物——通常群居——有幼崽
前提：冬天到秋天的时候，多；春天到夏天的时候，少
结论：是因为季节的原因所导致的变化。
E

不学博弈论

P:1. question biased
 2. self-selecting sample
C:reason to be skeptical
Answer:E(1:30)

P:play songs popular 15~25 years ago
C:attract 35~45 years old audience thereby have strong advertisement market
Answer:C(2:10)

P of official:not enough public rest areas for truck drivers to break
C of official:build more rest areas
C of Representatitve:enough parking places
Answer(2:00)

P:drivers of noncommercial vehicles also use radar detectors and speeding decreases safety for any vehicle
C:radar detectors should also be banned in noncommercial vehicles to increase safety.
A:C

P:the group consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener showed lower cognitive abilities than the group who did not consume the sweetener
C:an amino acid causes the phenomenon
A

P:seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
C:seasonal variation of voles
A:E

qiuhua01234567

Premise:问题不对，参与讨论的群众也是随意选的
Conclusion：因此上面的结论不正确。
1:30
Plan:播放以前的歌
Conclusion：吸引老早的年亲人从而提高商标竞争力
1:14
Plan：停车地方不够
Conclusion：增加停车地方来满足适应要求。
Premise：因为noncommercial的驾驶员也使用雷达探测，这样 speeding
Conclusion：禁止使用雷达探测来增加安全。
Conclusion：some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results
Premise：消费sweetener的人比没有消费sweetener的人来的showed lower cognitive abilities

qiuhua01234567

Answer choice (A): This answer asserts that the magazine has credibility issues and thereby supports the conclusion that there should be skepticism regarding the magazine’s activities.
Answer choice (B): This answer attacks the integrity of magazine surveys, and therefore supports the idea that there is reason to be skeptical of this magazine survey. Frankly, this is a weak answer because the validity of surveys in other magazines do not necessarily reflect on the validity of this magazine’s survey.Nonetheless, only about five percent of test takers select this answer, as most people are able to recognize the intent of the test makers.
Answer choice (C): This answer supports the argument because other surveys suggest that North Americans are not more concerned about finances than politics. Because this counters the claim of the magazine, the answer supports the statistician’s conclusion that there is reason to be skeptical of the magazine’s survey.
Answer choice (D): Because the statistician has shown the survey to be biased and unrepresentative, this answer choice supports the statistician’s conclusion.
Answer choice (E): This is the correct answer. The answer has no impact on the statistician’s argument because a third topic—social issues—was not part of the magazines’ survey, nor does this answer suggest anything about the preference of North Americas for finance or politics. Because the answer has no impact, it is correct in a Strengthen X question.