对CR快速读问题的菜鸟小结--根据Lawyer分类

叨叨jing

还有半个月在北美一战……其结果将决定偶是去是留……真的不想和BF分开啊---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lawyer解题法第一步就是先看【问题】是什么，第二步才是看【原文】。为了有更充足的时间来阅读【原文】和【选项】，我们需要非常快速的阅读【问题】并在脑海中按照提问方式将其分类。所以偶对【问题】中的关键词和句式做个了菜鸟总结，希望能帮助一些同学在“扫描”问题时一眼就看出题目的类型~ NN同学们就请无视我吧吼吼吼吼……
ps:这个小结只是普遍规律，还是要注意问题的特殊性哦~~

1. Must be true: True。
   当然啦，绝大多数该类型提问中要出现true这个单词，但这个true是问which of the following【选项】 is true，而不是if the information【原文】above is true。

2. Main Conclusion: Conclude, Draw; Supported by。
   这类型题通常是问if the information【原文】above is true，【原文】可以Conclude/Draw以下哪个Conclusion【选项】，或以下哪个【选项】is supported by【原文】的。

3. Weaken: Weaken, Undermine, Damage, Disadvantage, ill, Criticize, cast doubt, call questions, argue against。
   这类型的【问题】通常比较明显，差不多扫到这几个单词时就可以打住去看【原文】了。

4. Support: Support, Strengthen, Allow, Help; Basis, Extend, Beneficial, Indication, Ground, Prospect; Required, Cited, likely to, In favor of。
   Support这类题目非常多，不过提问结构比较固定，就是if the following【选项】 is true, which can support【原文】，或 unless which【选项】       is true, 【原文】 can be true。也有某些题会问以下哪个【选项】是【原文】的Reason。

5. Assumption: Assumption, Premise; Based on, Depend on, Rely on
   这类提问也蛮好识别的~   感谢sdcar2010的补充：
 rompts for sufficient assumptions的提问方式
? Which one of the following, if assumed, would justify the conclusion?
? The author’s conclusion would be properly drawn if which one of the following was true?

6. Justify: Justify, Justification

7. Paradox: Paradox, Explain, Resolve, Reason, Hypothesis
   提问结构常是if the following【选项】 is true, which can 解决【原文】的Paradox。

8. Method of reasoning: by
   问句常不完整，常以By结尾。

9. Flaw in the reasoning: Flaw, Fail
   提问结构是if the following【选项】 is true, which 指出【原文】的 Flaw。

10. Parallel Reasoning: Structure

11. Evaluation: Useful, Important, Relevant; Evaluate, Determine, Know
     提问结构是 Which following【选项】 is Useful/ Important/Relevant, to Evaluate, Determine, Know 【原文】。

12. Principle: Likely, Proper
     问哪个【选项】最好。

13. Main Point/ Fill in Blank:
     介个太简单……开头会问Which【选项】Complete【原文】，最后一句话不完整，引导【选项】的词常是Because, Since, Should, Must be。

14. Bold Face: Play
     可以不用读【问题】了，指定是问加粗部分在【原文】中Play which following Role的。

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    第一次发贴，小紧张~ 很怕有错误和遗漏的地方~ 欢迎各位同仁指正！  不过正因为这么简单的个小结就耗费了我好长的时间去组织，我才真正意识到那些写出经典总结的前辈们有多么值得大家感谢和支持！撒花~~

sdcar2010

In the second version, C) is sufficient but not necessary; D) is necessary but not sufficient.

sdcar2010

A better question to differentiate sufficient assumption and necessary assumtion is the following:

SDCAR gets A’s in English. Therefore, SDCAR must be intelligent.

The author’s conclusion would be properly drawn if which one of the following was true?

a) SDCAR gets good grades in all of his math classes.
b) All Americans named SDCAR are smart.
c) SDCAR wouldn’t get A's in English if he wasn’t smart.
d) Some people who get A’s in English are smart.
e) Everyone who gets an A in Math is smart.

sdcar2010

I am not 斑竹.

There are three statements in the passage:

Statement A. Statement B. Therefore, Statement C.

If a Statement D says "If A, then C", then D is the sufficient assumption.

Necessary assumption is a statement without which, the conclusion--statement C--cannot hold.

C is a sufficient assumption while D is a necessary assumption. Depending on the question stem, either one could be the correct answer to an assumption question. C is not a necessary assumption while D is not a sufficient assumption. That is my point of highlighting the importance of knowing whether the question asks for a sufficient assumption or a necessary one.

Not all assumptions are necessary.

Not all assumptions are sufficient.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/1/3 12:23:21)

斑竹：我理解是不是C由前提推出来，所以是充分假设。
         而其他的是和前提并列关系，就是必要假设。
请赐教！

-- by 会员 shaoheng1120 (2012/1/4 12:06:54)

shaoheng1120

C is a sufficient assumption while D is a necessary assumption. Depending on the question stem, either one could be the correct answer to an assumption question. C is not a necessary assumption while D is not a sufficient assumption. That is my point of highlighting the importance of knowing whether the question asks for a sufficient assumption or a necessary one.

Not all assumptions are necessary.

Not all assumptions are sufficient.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2012/1/3 12:23:21)

斑竹：我理解是不是C由前提推出来，所以是充分假设。
         而其他的是和前提并列关系，就是必要假设。
请赐教！

叨叨jing

受教啦~~

sdcar2010

C is a sufficient assumption while D is a necessary assumption. Depending on the question stem, either one could be the correct answer to an assumption question. C is not a necessary assumption while D is not a sufficient assumption. That is my point of highlighting the importance of knowing whether the question asks for a sufficient assumption or a necessary one.

Not all assumptions are necessary.

Not all assumptions are sufficient.

HarrisZheng

C Sorry, did not see the "some" in D
but it does not change my point.

sdcar2010

D is not the correct answer. Think again.

D
I see your point

However, according to the stimulus, If you want to draw the conclusion that SDCAR is smart, you have to assume that either getting A in English or wearing glasses suggests that someone is smart. Therefore, these two conditions are necessary to draw the conclusion .

I guess we have different angles. What you are trying to express is that an assumption can be a SUFFICIENT condition to the conclusion, whereas I hold the belief that all the assumptions are the NECESSARY condition to the reasoning procedure.

ef

-- by 会员 HarrisZheng (2012/1/3 0:36:11)

HarrisZheng

D
I see your point

However, according to the stimulus, If you want to draw the conclusion that SDCAR is smart, you have to assume that either getting A in English or wearing glasses suggests that someone is smart. Therefore, these two conditions are necessary to draw the conclusion .

I guess we have different angles. What you are trying to express is that an assumption can be a SUFFICIENT condition to the conclusion, whereas I hold the belief that all the assumptions are the NECESSARY condition to the reasoning procedure.

ef