【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-13】

bananazoo

亲爱的伙伴们，不知不觉大家已经和小分队一起走过了这么长的路，谢谢大家的坚持与努力~每个人都应该被表扬~
由于，最近期末快到了~很多人都在努力准备着期末考试，小分队决定暂停两周， 等大家忙完再一起来继续前行。
也预祝大家在期末考中取得好成绩~加油！
同时也祝福考G的孩子们~每个人都取得理想的成绩~

提前的祝福：：圣诞快乐~
祝大家在2011最后的日子里幸福快乐的走过每一天~同时以最好的自己迎来2012~

那么~我们2012再见喽~

【精练】
4. Vague laws set vague limits on people’s freedom,
which makes it impossible for them to know for
certain whether their actions are legal. Thus, under
vague laws people cannot feel secure.
The conclusion follows logically if which one of the
following is assumed?
(A) People can feel secure only if they know for
certain whether their actions are legal.
(B) If people do not know for certain whether their
actions are legal, then they might not feel
secure.
(C) If people know for certain whether their actions
are legal, they can feel secure.
(D) People can feel secure if they are governed by
laws that are not vague.
(E) Only people who feel secure can know for
certain whether their actions are legal.
                                            ------justify

【逻辑链】
57.
Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation's increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent.  To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?
(A) The major causes of delays at the nation's busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment.
(B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent.
(C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation's busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines.
(D) After a small midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percent.
(E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation's busiest airports has doubled.

58.
The proposal to hire ten new police officers in Middletown is quite foolish.  There is sufficient funding to pay the salaries of the new officers, but not the salaries of additional court and prison employees to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.
Which of the following, if true, will most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Studies have shown that an increase in a city's police force does not necessarily reduce crime.
(B) When one major city increased its police force by 19 percent last year, there were 40 percent more arrests and 13 percent more convictions.
(C) If funding for the new police officers' salaries is approved, support for other city services will have to be reduced during the next fiscal year.
(D) In most United States cities, not all arrests result in convictions, and not all convictions result in prison terms.
(E) Middletown's ratio of police officers to citizens has reached a level at which an increase in the number of officers will have a deterrent effect on crime.

59.
Bank depositors in the United States are all financially protected against bank failure because the government insures all individuals' bank deposits.  An economist argues that this insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures, since it removes from depositors any financial incentive to find out whether the bank that holds their money is secure against failure.  If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the economist's argument?
(A) Before the government started to insure depositors against bank failure, there was a lower rate of bank failure than there is now.
(B) When the government did not insure deposits, frequent bank failures occurred as a result of depositors' fears of losing money in bank failures.
(C) Surveys show that a significant proportion of depositors are aware that their deposits are insured by the government.
(D) There is an upper limit on the amount of an individual's deposit that the government will insure, but very few individuals' deposits exceed this limit.
(E) The security of a bank against failure depends on the percentage of its assets that are loaned out and also on how much risk its loans involve.

60.
Large national budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits.  If they did, countries with the largest budget deficits would also have the largest trade deficits.  In fact, when deficit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other, there is no such correlation.
If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them?
(A) Countries with large national budget deficits tend to restrict foreign trade.
(B) Reliable comparisons of the deficit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.
(C) Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade deficit that country may have.
(D) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of population, the smallest countries generally have the smallest budget and trade deficits.
(E) Countries with the largest trade deficits never have similarly large national budget deficits.

老马识图

这题的答案是啥啊？ 我看很多人选 C，但是从infer 来看，个人认为E 正确。 有答案和解释嘛？

60.
Large national budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits.  If they did, countries with the largest budget deficits would also have the largest trade deficits.  In fact, when deficit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other, there is no such correlation.
If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them? E
(A) Countries with large national budget deficits tend to restrict foreign trade.
(B) Reliable comparisons of the deficit figures of one country with those of another are impossible.
(C) Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily result in a lowering of any trade deficit that country may have.
(D) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of population, the smallest countries generally have the smallest budget and trade deficits.
(E) Countries with the largest trade deficits never have similarly large national budget deficits.

Lincy123

p：模糊的法律让人们不知道他们的行为是否合法

C：模糊的法律下人们感觉不到安全

Assumption：不知道行为合法 = 感到不安全

A） 人们只有知道行为是否合法才能感到安全。Correct

就是原文的正话反说

B） 如果人们不知道他们行为是否合法，他们可能不能感觉安全。Correct（x）might not 错了，原文用的是cannot

C） 如果人们知道行为是否合法，他们能感到安全

D）如果法律不模糊人们会感到安全

E） 只有感到安全的人才知道他们行为是否合法

  

P：为了解决飞机延迟问题

C：最繁忙的机场的起降要分到贸易航线

Weaken

A） 最繁忙的机场的飞机延误的原因是因为糟糕的天气和飞机交通控制设备税收过高。待定 correct 他因

B） 运营的飞机数量上升

C） 最繁忙的飞机有超过60%的起降是贸易航线。Correct（x）没有说明是否是这个原因导致延误

D）一个小机场分配两倍的起落，延误数量减少了

E） 平均延误时间翻倍

P：基金不能支付新办公室会带来额外的法庭和监狱员工的薪水，因为逮捕和监禁会随着警官数量上升而上升

C：雇佣10个新警官的提案很蠢

Weaken：这个提案好 --- 基金可以支付/不会有额外支出

A） 研究表明城市经理上升不会减少犯罪。Strengthen

B） 去年有个大城市增加警力，就有更多人被捕

C） 如果提案被接受，其他的城市服务就会减少

D）在大部分美国城市里，不是所有逮捕都会导致convictions，也不是所有监禁都是要进监狱的。

E） 这个城市的警员与市民的比例已经达到了一个水平，让警官数量的增长对犯罪有个反效应。Correct

  

P：存款人没有金钱动因去选择更安全的银行

C：政府保险导致的高的银行失败率

Weaken：银行失败有他因

A） 政府措施前银行失败率低。Strengthen

B） 在政府措施前，银行失败是由于存款人怕损失。Correct

C） 大部分存款人知道他们的存款被政府保护。Strengthen

D）很多人都不会存款超过政府保证范围

E） 银行安全取决于将资产贷出的比例，以及这笔贷款有多少风险

  

NBD不导致TD

如果NBD导致TD，说明这个国家的BD有最高的TD

实际上D受到调整所以不同国家都不同。没有这样的关联

Must be true

A） 有大量NBD的国家倾向禁止海外贸易

B） 不同国家之间的可信赖的对比是不可能的

C） 减少国家BD不乎i减少TD，correct

D）将国家按人口从高到低排列，人数最少的国家有最少的TD

E） 最高TD的国家不会有相似的大量NBD

cyndichiang

精炼题 1‘35’‘
premise: Vague laws --->people don't know whether their actions are legal.
conclusion:vague laws ---->people cannot feel secure
Q:Assumption
prephrase: people who don't know whether their actions are legal--->cannot feel secure
(A) People can feel secure only if they know for
certain whether their actions are legal.----Correct;逆否命题
(B) If people do not know for certain whether their
actions are legal, then they might not feel
secure.----might表示不确定性，那么就可能feel secure
(C) If people know for certain whether their actions
are legal, they can feel secure.----否命题不成立
(D) People can feel secure if they are governed by
laws that are not vague.----没有说到whether their actions are legal
(E) Only people who feel secure can know for
certain whether their actions are legal.----逆命题不成立
总结：一个命题成立--其你否命题必成立，其逆命题和否命题则不一定成立
这里prephrase:people who don't know whether their actions are legal--->cannot feel secure
的逆否命题是：feel secure--->only if people know whether their actions are legal
Only if 指必要条件，正命题和你否命题的成都也要一致

逻辑链：
1. 29''
premise: since deregulation,delays increased 25% at  busy airports
Plan:the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines
Q:weaken;
prephrase: 果推因 allocation to commercial airlines have no effect because the delays are due to other factors

2. 39''
premise: There is sufficient to pay for new officers but not for the additional court and prison employees since the caseloads increased
conclusion:  The proposal to hire ten new police officers is quite foolish
Q:weaken
prephrase: hiring new police officers is necessary to reduce the caseloads

3. 39''
premise: insurance is partly responsible for the high rate of bank failures
conclusion:If depositors were more selective, then banks would need to be secure in order to compete for depositors' money
Q:weaken
prephrase: side-effect of this removal of insurance

4. 42''----C
premise:deficit figures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to each other
premise: Large national budget deficits do not cause large trade deficits
conclusion:???
Q: Must be true
prephrase: there is no correlation largest trade deficit≠largest national deficit选错了
高的国家赤字不会引起贸易赤字，所以，高赤字很可能意味着高贸易赤字；事实上，当赤字是能被调整到国家间可比的水平的时候，这种关系就不存在了
那么可以得出结论--》因为国家赤字是可以调整的，那么降低国家赤字并不意味着贸易赤字也下降了

苏错

12.3

【精练】

Premise: Set vague limits on freedomàunknow what action is legal

Conclusion: people cannot feel secure

Assumption?

Secure= only limits clear？

A. correct

【逻辑链】

1.    deregulation à increasing delay

moretakeoff and landing slot àcombat theproblem

weaken—A

2.    not the salaries of court an prison employeesàhire new officersis foolish

  Weaken—D （E方案好的方面，D Facts）

3.    insurance removes incentive to find out à insurance is partlyresponsible for the high rate

weaken—E(B 否定原因，E对应文中的partly，未削弱)

4.    large budget deficits does not cause large tradedeficits

no such correlation

inference—C

艾筱豆

A
C
B
B
E

jessie92730

【offer大冒险】2-13
精练
BG: vague laws- cannot certain whether their actions are legal
P: ?
C: people cannot feel secure
假设
猜测答案：legal—secure
答案：A

逻辑链：AEBC

sakurasong

BCBBC
AAE

1.
P1: Vague laws makes it impossible for people to know for certain whether their actions are legal
C: People cannot feel secure under vague laws

A: People can feel secure only if they know for certain whether their actions are legal.


2.
B: Since the deregulation, delays have increased by 25 percent.
P: to combat, more of the T and LS must be allocated to commercial airlines.

A:Major causes of delays are bad whether and O. - solution invalid


3.
P: Hir ten new police officers is quite foolish
C: no sufficient funding to pay the salaries of additional court and prison employees

A: addtional police officers have a deterrent effect on crime.

lyrsilvia

1. 16'
P: Vague laws set vague limits on people’s freedom, which makes it impossible for them to know for certain whether their actions are legal.
C: under vague laws people cannot feel secure.
ASSUMPTION: no certain=no secure
答案：A
(A) People can feel secure only if they know for certain whether their actions are legal.-------CORRECT
(B) If people do not know for certain whether their actions are legal, then they might not feel secure.----------非A-->非B ≠ A-->B
(C) If people know for certain whether their actions are legal, they can feel secure.-------compared with answer A, this is not strong enough
(D) People can feel secure if they are governed by laws that are not vague.----------the link should be certain and the secure, not about the laws
(E) Only people who feel secure can know for certain whether their actions are legal.-----wrong sequence

A E B C

Elisha728

6'29''
CADBC