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[逻辑小分队] 【每日逻辑练习第二季【2-5】

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发表于 2011-12-13 23:29:30 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
大家走来这么久不容易,一定要坚持住阿,曙光在前面!!!

[精练]

2. Medical doctor: Sleep deprivation is the cause of
many social ills, ranging from irritability to
potentially dangerous instances of impaired
decision making. Most people today suffer
from sleep deprivation to some degree.
Therefore we should restructure the workday to
allow people flexibility in scheduling their
work hours.


Which one of the following, if true, would most
strengthen the medical doctor’s argument?


(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is
overwork.
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep
they require.
(D) More people would suffer from sleep
deprivation today than did in the past if the
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is
proportional to the length of one’s workday.


[PREP练习]

25.    (30469-!-item-!-188;#058&005456)


In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease.  An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.  Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.

Each of the following, if true, provides additional support for the researchers' hypothesis EXCEPT:

(A) Most of the people afflicted with new cases of the disease had regularly drunk larger quantities of Harborville's water than had other Harborville residents.
(B) The same type of pollutants that were found in Harborville's water have independently been linked to occurrences in other towns of high rates of the disease.
(C) Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted.
(D) The rate of new cases of the disease among residents of Harborville who get their water from private sources is not unusually high.
(E) Towns with geographic and demographic characteristics similar to those of Harborville but without polluted water do not have as high a rate of the disease as does Harborville.


26.    (30517-!-item-!-188;#058&005463)

A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.  It hopes in this way to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.

Each of the following, if true, strengthens the prospects that the radio station's plan will succeed EXCEPT:

(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.
(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.
(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.
(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.
(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.


27.    (30565-!-item-!-188;#058&005567)

Among people who experience migraine headaches, some experience what doctors call "common" migraines, whereas others experience "classical" migraines.  Siblings and spouses of common migraine sufferers are themselves twice as likely as the general population to experience common migraines.  Siblings of classical migraine sufferers are four times more likely than the general population to experience classical migraines, whereas spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely than the general population to experience such headaches.

The information above provides the most support for which of the following hypotheses?

(A) Susceptibility to classical migraines is more dependent on hereditary factors than is susceptibility to common migraines.
(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to suffer from classical migraines than they are to suffer from common migraines.
(C) People who do not experience migraine headaches are unlikely to have spouses who are migraine headache sufferers.
(D) Children of people who suffer from common migraines are not more likely than the general population to experience a common migraine.
(E) Between one-quarter and one-half of the general population suffer from either common or classical migraine headaches.


28.    (30615-!-item-!-188;#058&005660)

Hutonian Government Official:  Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply.  Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.

Hutonian Business Representative:  But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.

Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?

(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.
收藏收藏 收藏收藏
33#
发表于 2020-6-7 22:14:24 | 只看该作者
P:睡眠不足不好
C:要重新安排工作日让他们自由安排时间
Strengthen:自由安排工作日时间和睡眠不足的关系
A)        睡眠不足的主要原因是加班
B)        如果员工可以自由安排工作时间,就可以获得更多睡眠。Correct
C)        每个人需要的睡眠时间不同。无关
D)        如果平均工作时间没有下降,更多人会睡眠不足。
E)        睡眠不足的时间和工作日长度有关

P:过去5年公共水严重污染
C:水导致了新疾病的高发率
Not support:他因
A)        大部分H城患病者喝水的量比其他城市的多
B)        同种污染的水也与其他高发病率的城镇相连
C)        在水污染前就生病,correct
D)        使用私用水的人发病率小
E)        没有水污染的地方分患病率小

P:电台播放15-25年前的流行歌,吸引35-45岁的听众,
C:吸引广告商
Weaken:不吸引广告商、不吸引听众
A)        人们非常喜欢10+20+岁时的歌
B)        类似的电台行为成功了
C)        35-45岁的听众更喜欢听新闻而非音乐。,correct
D)        35-45岁的人有高收入喜欢买家用
E)        在现有电台中没有哪个电台放歌超过一小时

Comm:患者的兄弟和夫妻患病率是普通人的两倍
Class:患者的兄弟患病率是普通人的四倍,夫妻患病率不会比普通人高
A)        classical 更可能是靠遗传。Correct
B)        单身更可能传染classical
C)        没患病的人不大可能有患病的夫妻
D)        患者的小孩不会比普通人更容易患病
E)        在1/4和1/2的普通人中会患comm或classical

P:在高速公路上提供休息的公共休息区不够
C:建造更多的公共休息区让司机休息
Objection:商业停车场也算进去就足够了
A)        公共停车区在高速公路上均匀分布。无关
B)        卡车司机更不愿意最受规则,如果加上休息时间不足一小时,总共的路途时间都要超过10小时
C)        跟公共休息区比,私人停车场很费时间。Correct
D)        即使有地方停车,有的司机会停在access ramp上,很可能引发事故
E)        一些公共停车场,特别是高度使用的马路,比其他马路都大
32#
发表于 2018-10-15 16:51:06 | 只看该作者
精练失眠导致身体和大脑功能的衰弱—>现在大多数人都失眠—>应该让人们重新规划白天的工作时间
assumption:重新规划白天时间可以帮助人们克服失眠
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is overwork. 和overwork无关
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours.
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep they require. 无关
(D) More people would suffer from sleep deprivation today than did in the past if the average number of hours worked per week had not decreased. 和工作时间减少无关,是reschedule
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday. 无关

我的选择:B




31#
发表于 2014-4-24 17:51:38 | 只看该作者
精炼:26‘’
premise: Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially dangerous instances of impaired decision making.
Conclusion: we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
Q: support
prephrase: 有因有果more flexibility in scheduling their work hours can relieve the sleep deprivation
               无因无果:people who have less flexible schedule more seriously suffered sleep deprivation



(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is
overwork.-----irrelevant; we cannot get any information of overwork from the argument and the conclusion concerns with the flexible schedule
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had
greater latitude in scheduling their work
hours.-----Correct; 有因有果的例证
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep
they require.------irrelevant; the argument has already suggested that the most people have suffered to some degree; This answer may hurt the argument by suggesting that some individuals cannot be
helped by the restructuring of the workday

(D) More people would suffer from sleep
deprivation today than did in the past if the
average number of hours worked per week
had not decreased.------irrelevant; this statement explains that decreased avg number of hours worked per day can relieve the sleep deprivation, but doesn't explain the flexibility of schedule time
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is
proportional to the length of one’s workday.-------the extent is proportion cannot strengthen the conclusion


逻辑链:
1.premise:over the past five years H's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.  
conclusion: H's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.
Q:support EXCEPT
prephrase: 果推因。指出它因:other factors such as immigration of some species at the same time

2.31''
premise:A new commercial radio station plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.  
conclusion: it can attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
Q: support EXCEPT
prephrase: 找出削弱的选项:因推果,这里感觉有gap。underlying assumption is : people among 35-45 years old will listen to radio or these people must love listen to popular songs at that time

3.53''绕晕了
premise:the likelihood to suffer headache
               "common": Siblings and spouses 2X the general to suffer
              "classical" :Siblings  4X the general    &   Spouses = general  
Conclusion:???
Q:must be true
prephrase: the closer the relationship between the two, the more likely to infest this headache
               classical in more genetic determinant than common

4. 37''
premise:the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break
premise:if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.
conclusion:  build more rest areas can increase the rate of compliance.
Q:support
prephrase: people will not park around the businesses place but only park long the highway
30#
发表于 2013-11-25 21:47:09 | 只看该作者
【精练】
支持类题目
background:Most people today suffer from sleep deprivation to some degree.
permise:Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially
dangerous instances of impaired decision making.
conclusion:the workday should be restructured

A.overwork
B.correct
C.weaken
D.irrelevant
E.irrelevant

【逻辑链】
CCAC   

对于自己每天只有做题没分析的节奏表示不满。。。 下次挤时间也要写了!
29#
发表于 2013-11-24 16:55:36 | 只看该作者
2-5

1.

Background: Medical doctor: Sleep deprivation is the cause of
many social ills, ranging from irritability to
potentially dangerous instances of impaired
decision making.

Premise: Most people today suffer
from sleep deprivation to some degree.

Conclusion: Therefore we should restructure the workday to
allow people flexibility in scheduling their
work hours.

(B) Correct

2.

Background: In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease.

Premise: An investigation revealed that over the past five years Harborville's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.

Conclusion: Medical researchers have hypothesized that Harborville's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.

(A) Correct

3.

Background: A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.

Premise: It hopes in this way to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old

Conclusion: thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.

© Correct

4.

Background: Among people who experience migraine headaches, some experience what doctors call "common" migraines, whereas others experience "classical" migraines.  

Premise: Siblings and spouses of common migraine sufferers are themselves twice as likely as the general population to experience common migraines.  Siblings of classical migraine sufferers are four times more likely than the general population to experience classical migraines,

Conclusion: whereas spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely than the general population to experience such headaches.

(A) Correct

5.

Background: Hutonian Government Official:  Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply.

Premise: Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.

Conclusion: Hutonian Business Representative:  But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.

©
28#
发表于 2013-11-5 11:33:34 | 只看该作者
1. 1'16
2. 1'49
3. 1'51 这道EXCEPT错啦。在C和D中犹豫了半天还是错了。当时觉得D是无关项,现在在想是有一点点加强的。
因为题目中说道appeal advertise,如果这个年龄段的人比较能决定家庭的消费情况,那就更能吸引到广告商了。
以后EXCEPT题遇到反向和无关项不确定的情况,还是坚定的选反向吧~  因为无关很可能是自己没找到链接点啊...  -_-
4. 1'20
5. 2'40
27#
发表于 2013-9-25 13:52:48 | 只看该作者
BG: Most people today suffer from SD.
大冒险第五天啦!!!!
P:SD cause many social ills.
C: we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
加强
猜测:gap:失眠的原因是由于人们工作时间安排不灵活
B

P1: In the past year H has had a high rate of disease.
P2: Over past 5 years, H’s water pollution has been serious.
C: Water pollution cause the disease.
加强
猜测:没水污染的地方没有这种病。
这种病从5年前开始有,近一年水污染格外严重。
C

措施—目的
措施:play songs that were popular 15-25 years ago
目的:attract people 35-45yr old and then have a strong market to attract advertisers.
加强
猜测:喜欢听这些歌的人很多,不只是35-45年龄段的
35-45年龄段的人很喜欢听老歌,对新歌无感
错选D---》C
选错的原因--广告和顾客购买力之前的关系

C
C
26#
发表于 2013-9-24 18:46:23 | 只看该作者
ECCAC
B
1
B:Sleep deprivation causes mane social ills.
P: Most peopla suffer from sleep deprivation
C: we should restructure the workday
25#
发表于 2013-9-24 16:07:06 | 只看该作者
B CCAC
1. 22'
P: Sleep deprivation is the cause of many social ills, ranging from irritability to potentially dangerous instances of impaired decision making
C: we should restructure the workday to allow people flexibility in scheduling their work hours.
STRENGTHEN: flexibility will reduce sleep deprivation
答案:B
(A) The primary cause of sleep deprivation is overwork.------------what the cause of sleep deprivation is not the question we discuss
(B) Employees would get more sleep if they had greater latitude in scheduling their work hours.--------CORRECT. a clearly relationship between flexibility and sleep. strengthen that more flexibility, more sleep
(C) Individuals vary widely in the amount of sleep they require.------------nothing about the relationship between sleep deprivation and the flexibility
(D) More people would suffer from sleep deprivation today than did in the past if the average number of hours worked per week had not decreased.-----------number of hours worked=flexibility? I doubt that
(E) The extent of one’s sleep deprivation is proportional to the length of one’s workday.-----------length=flexibility? I also doubt this

2. 18'
P: In the past year Harborville has had an unusually high rate of new cases of a certain disease.
    over the past five years Harborville's public water supply has had a high level of pollutants.
C: Harborville's water is responsible for the high rate of new cases of the disease.
WEAKEN: water is not to blame
答案:C
(A) Most of the people afflicted with new cases of the disease had regularly drunk larger quantities of Harborville's water than had other Harborville residents.-----------support the relationship between pollutants and disease
(B) The same type of pollutants that were found in Harborville's water have independently been linked to occurrences in other towns of high rates of the disease.-------------also support the cause of pollutants
(C) Some of the people with newly diagnosed cases of the disease began to develop the disease before Harborville's water became polluted.--------------CORRECT. states that the water is not the cause.
(D) The rate of new cases of the disease among residents of Harborville who get their water from private sources is not unusually high.-------------irrelevant. means normal proportion people use the private but also got this disease
(E) Towns with geographic and demographic characteristics similar to those of Harborville but without polluted water do not have as high a rate of the disease as does Harborville.------------support the conclusion

3. 18'
P: commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago.
C: to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
WEAKEN: music≠successful attract audience
答案:C
(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.------------support the plan to attract audience
(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.----------similar example support the success of this strategy
(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.-----------CORRECT. clearly state the reasons why the music cannot attract audience
(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.-----------states the reasons why they have a strong market appeal to advertisers
(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.---------------also support the plan

4. 57'
P: common migraine: sibling and spouses are twice as likely as general population to experience
   classical migraine: sibling are four times more likely
                            spouse are no more likely than general population to experience
HYPOTHESIS: spouse are lucky in classical migraine
答案:A
(A) Susceptibility to classical migraines is more dependent on hereditary factors than is susceptibility to common migraines.---------CORRECT. explain the higher likelihood of classical migraines
(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to suffer from classical migraines than they are to suffer from common migraines.-------------nothing about the unmarried adults. irrelevant
(C) People who do not experience migraine headaches are unlikely to have spouses who are migraine headache sufferers.--------------we don't know
(D) Children of people who suffer from common migraines are not more likely than the general population to experience a common migraine.--------------the question just talk about siblings and spouses, nothing about the children. and here "not more likely than" can not be found in the question
(E) Between one-quarter and one-half of the general population suffer from either common or classical migraine headaches.--------------no information about this statement

5. 30'
OFFICIAL: public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.
OBJECT: if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.
SUPPORT THE OFFICIAL: parking lot is not good
答案:C
(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.---------slightly oppose the official
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.-----------whether how much the hour does not matter. we are just talking about the advantages of rest areas, not the drivers' behavior
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.-------------CORRECT. clearly states the shortage of parking lot and strengthen the plan
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.-----------we do not consider whether truck will park in other places. besides this statement has nothing to do with the plan
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.-----------what the parking areas are does not matter.
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