【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】

UlysessHope

天冷大家注意身体~
跟帖做题方法请见：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-613902-1-1.html
【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
                                             ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

Lincy123

P：高血压的人常常紧张焦虑

C：特殊性格很可能会造成高血压

因果颠倒。

A） 没有解释hp意思。无关

B） 假设了人的个性是永久的。无关

C） 没有证据证明hp。无关

D）把性格和血压的关联认为是性格造成血压的证据。Correct

E） 只专注于紧张焦虑，忽略了其他性格。无关

P：每开满1000mile，送三天免费租赁

C：吸引commuter买电动车

Weaken：commuter开不满1000 miles

A） 很多通勤用的电动车不需要用在其他旅行上。无关

B） 因为commuter每周至少开车100mile，成本会加到已经很高的价格中。Weaken。correct

C） 电动车要充电很符合commuter的特性，strengthen

D）发电的电池对环境有害。无关

E） 有些家庭开电动车进行短的当地旅游。无关

P：没有欧洲贸易的商品在这个地方被发现，欧洲商人在1620之前在这个地方很活跃

C：camp不会比1630晚
增强：1630之后和1620之前的区别？没有贸易商品，说明发生在1620之前

A） 由于本地美国人的交易，有的欧洲货物在欧洲人没到之前就到了。削弱

B） 在所有追溯到1620的camp，都有发现欧洲交易物品。Correct

C） 首批货物被认为是珍贵的。无关

D）第一个欧洲商人是在第一个欧洲探险家之后来的

E） Camp是一个季节性的临时camp。

P：让人们每5年报废车辆买新车

C：加速经济，减少环境污染

A） 如果没有激励，大部分有老车的人都不会买新车。Strengthen

B） T的汽车厂商产生的空气污染物比其他相对大小的汽车少

C） 新车不会出口到其他国家。无关

D）最大来源的空气污染不是汽车排放，是能源工程。

E） 生产和报废车辆都造成大量空气污染。Correct

寄生虫生蛋数量要刚刚好，太多会自相残杀，太少会被寄主杀掉

寄生虫下蛋数量取决于宿主蛋的大小

Must be true

A） 寄生虫能寄生的最小的蛋取决于wasp的下蛋行为。无法推导 correct

搬运解释：题目说的是黄蜂根据宿主蛋的大小决定要自己下蛋的数量。那么反过来，通过观察黄蜂的行为，可以推断出黄蜂可下蛋的宿主最小值。（比如2mm不下蛋，2.2mm不下蛋，但是2.3mm就下蛋了，所以2.3mm就是最小值）

B） 寄主没有方法抵抗寄生虫。无法推导

C） 寄生虫根据经验判断不同寄主下不同数量的蛋，correct

没说怎么判断的

D）下蛋太少比下蛋太多死的快。没说

E） 寄生虫用视觉线索数有多少蛋，没说

云栈

1.        1min
B：血压高的人通常比没有血压高的人更加紧张和焦虑。
C: 这一事实表明，人格特质的这种特殊组合（即所谓的高血压人格）（cause）很可能导致具有这些特质的人出现高血压（effect）。
推测：A影响了B并不代表B就会影响A。很多人有这种性格特点，但是他们并没有高血压
选项分析：D
A: 原题定义了，但是定不定义和argument没有关系
B：无关，没有presupposes
C：是否有证据支持“hypertensive personality”和原题的因果关系无关
D: 正确说明了因果关系之间的漏洞
E: 与其他的性格特点无关

2.        28s
P: 即使对于几乎仅将汽车用于通勤的人来说，电动汽车的广泛接受的主要障碍是不能偶尔使用电动汽车进行长途旅行。
C: 为了使购买电动汽车对通勤者更具吸引力，一家电动汽车生产商计划为客户提供驾驶电动汽车的每1000英里免费三天的传统汽车租赁服务。
推测：人们用了传统的车做对比会更加发现充电车的缺陷；这个决定会带来一些negative的影响
选项分析：B

3.        42s
B：密歇根州的考古学家在杜马河附近发掘了一个美国原住民营地。
P：在该地点发现的动物骨头的放射性碳定年表明该营地可追溯到1605年至1755年之间的某个时间。
C：然而，该营地的日期可能不迟于1630年，因为在该地点未发现任何欧洲贸易商品，并且欧洲商人从1620年代开始活跃
推测：欧洲的商人在1620年之后在这个地区很活跃
选项分析：B

4.        42
P：汽车排放物是空气污染物的重要来源，五年以上的汽车通常会比新型汽车产生大量的污染物。
P: 在最近建立了第一家汽车制造厂的都灵，大多数汽车已经使用了五年以上。
C：为了促进都灵的经济发展并减少空气污染，政府计划采取激励措施，鼓励都灵人每五年报废旧车，并更换新车。
推测：每五年旧换新的会使cost变高，而且换新的时候可能也会产生环境污染；
选项分析：E

5.        31s
P: 对于任何合适大小的宿主卵，寄生黄蜂都将卵直接以正确的数量直接产于各种宿主昆虫的卵中。
P: 如果它们在宿主卵中产卵过多，则正在发育的黄蜂幼虫将相互竞争直至死亡，从而获取营养和空间。
P：如果产下的卵太少，则宿主卵的一部分会腐烂，杀死黄蜂幼虫。
推测：太多营养不够，太少容易被寄生的毛虫产生抗体杀死。
选项分析：A
【这道题做错了。C错了因为题上并没有说他们是根据不同的宿主产不同的卵还是根据自身情况找合适的宿主,不确定这么分析对不对】

echo-LUO

1. 精练
有高血压的人更容易紧张和焦虑——>紧张和焦虑导致高血压
gap：因果倒置
选择D
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.


逻辑链
45.
人们不买电动车是因为觉得电动车跑不了多远——>电动车商家推出免费开很长公里的方式试图拉高销量
选择A
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips. 商业车型不是用来开长途的，说明电动车无法满足消费者的需求
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles. 文中没有提到因为cost所以不买，无关
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters. 无关
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands. 没有提到family vehicles，无关
错误分析：
B选项，由于大多数通勤者每周至少行驶100英里，因此制造商提供优惠的成本将大大增加电动汽车已经很高的价格。价格提高，消费者不买账，这是常识啊，不能说无关
A选项，长途旅行不需要许多用于商业用途的电动车辆。没说搞活动的就是商业用途车，无关


46.
通过一种方式测出某古迹在1605-1755之间——>因为没发现贸易商品，而欧洲商人在1620开始活跃——>所以是在1630之前的古迹
要支持conclusion，就要说明这个地方就是1630年之前的。
选择C
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did. 削弱
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 其他1620年代的camp都已被发现有贸易商品了——>似乎可以加强说这个camp是在1630年之前的（因为都可能是在1620之前的了），待定（又感觉有点奇怪）
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction. ——>贸易商品贵重，所以被保管的很好，不会丢失和损坏——>加强没找到就是因为没有，而不是因为有但被弄丢了，正确
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.  无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned. 无关



47.
汽车，尤其是老汽车，对空气污染影响大——>T城大部分车龄超过5年——>为了促进经济和减少污染，T成应该把老车换成新车
猜想：成本太高，不会促进经济发展；
选择E
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. 无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 生产和销毁车辆都会产生污染，削弱


48.
xx生物下蛋的数量要恰到好处，多的话会竞争营养，因为下在别人窝里，少的话会被host杀掉
选择A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior. egg大小会根据host的蛋改变，不然就被发现了呀
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. any？绝对了
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species. 无根据，经验哪有实际丰富
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 无根据
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 无根据，不能摸吗

yangyang2

DEBEC

ba1a糖儿

发现一个问题
lsat的正确答案常常会和background info有关，但是prep的题很少有和BI相关的~~prep1错就错在了这里
买electric cars可以免费租traditional cars--> attract potential customes

预测  没人买EC  。（因为xx原因人们并不会买车）这里与background info是没有交叉的，也就是说并不涉及BI 的内容！

May97

T: 25s
P: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
C: This fact show that this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”--->incorrect
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits--->no
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.--->no
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.--->correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have--->irreverent

T: 37s
P: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  
C: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Weaken: free rental of car没有吸引力
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.--->irreverent
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.--->correct虽然做对了，但是真的不知道为什么
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.--->support
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.--->irreverent
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.--->irreverent
没什么思路。。

T: 25s
BG: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  
P: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
C: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Support: 如果camp是1620's的，一定会有英国的东西
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.--->irreverent
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.--->correct
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.--->irreverent
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.--->irreverent
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.--->irreverent

T: 38s
P: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants,
P: and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  
P: In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  C: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Weaken: 思路不对
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.--->support
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.--->support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.--->irreverent
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.--->irreverent
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.--->correct

T: 36s
P: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  
P: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  
P: If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
conclusion:
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.--->no--->correct
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.--->correct
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.--->no
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.--->no
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.--->no

宋痂岛__

DBBEA

fesche

high blood pressure people are nervous and anxious
because personality traits,, hypertensive personally
weaken
因：hypertensive特征
果：容易得病
得病原因是不hypertensive而是其他
因果颠倒：因为有病所以才hypertensive
D
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

People drive exclusively cars are unable to drive electrical car
e car company will allow people drive e car for free for the 3 days when they reach the distance 1000 miles
weaken the plan
背景：只开车的不开电动车
目的：更attractive
行动：1000 M后3日租车免费
大家都唔租车，都是买车的，免费没意义
没地方充电，他因导致不买，不是免费问题
E-B
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

excavation date from 1605-17xx
P: commercial active from 1620
no other trade good were found
C: no later than 1630
strengthen
因果关系，无他因，因果不颠倒
资料显示是1620之后
B
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

Cars are more polluted five years ago
T ensembles cars more than 5 years
Government incentive to T to scap cars every 5 year
boost eco and reduce pollution
weaken, will not achieve both goals
削弱两个可能，没经济也没有降低污染
E
A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. owners没有影响
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. elsewhere 对比无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 和出口无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关 power plants
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 削弱pollution

wasp lay right promotion eggs
too smaller, be killed
too much, compete with nutrient
conclusion
B-A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

MIA926

20150903 CR小分队-12

【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious thanpeople who do not have high blood pressure. This fact show that this particularcombination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—islikely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the groundsthat the argument
                                           ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlationbetween personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正确 因果反了
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part ofpeople who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability touse electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt tomake purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electricvehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventionalcar for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not neededfor extended trips.  无关
(B) Because a majority ofcommuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of makinggood the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electricvehicles. 正确
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electricvehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car usecharacteristic of commuters. 加强
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use,generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's batterycan burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for makingshort local trips, such as to do errands. 无关
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near DumawCreek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicatesthat the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, thecamp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods werefound at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would havereached the area before the European traders themselves did. 无关
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliablydated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 正确 有因必有果

(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have beenconsidered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss ordestruction.  错误 但还是没有解决是不是1630以后的
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the firstEuropean explorers. 无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonallyfor a few years and then abandoned.  削弱

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars overfive years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutantsthan newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its firstautomobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aimingto boost Torinia's economyand reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentivesfor Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them withnew ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the plannedincentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians whoown an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generatesmaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car modelsmanufactured elsewhere.  无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to othercountries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobileemissions, but emissions from power plants. 还是可以减少
(E) The manufacture andthe scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.正确

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insectsin exactly theright numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too manyeggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other tothe death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions ofthe host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the informationabove?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp couldtheoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.正确
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses againstthe form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. 没提
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into theeggs of different host species. 新信息 不知道怎么学会的
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasplarvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 新消息
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 新消息