【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-6】

corneliaflower

接过daisy的班，花儿也成为小分队发帖一员~
今天是thanks giving day，要感恩CD，感恩逻辑小分队，感恩XDJM们，更要感恩努力过付出着驶向成功的自己。

跟帖做题方法请见：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-613902-1-1.html

【精练】

1. Human beings have cognitive faculties that are
superior to those of other animals, and once humans
become aware of these, they cannot be made happy
by anything that does not involve gratification of
these faculties.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most
calls into question the view above?
———Bible Weaken Question Problem Set NO.1

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.



【逻辑链】

21.(28551-!-item-!-188;#058&003690)

Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia.The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia.Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

22.(28829-!-item-!-188;#058&003748)
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline:predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease.Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?

(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

23.(29107-!-item-!-188;#058&003854)
From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States.The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline.However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.

24.(29155-!-item-!-188;#058&003857)
Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

Lincy123

换一种练法 用中文总结

P: 人类意识到自己有认知f能力

C: 人类不能因没有满足f的事情而开心

因果推理

a)     特定动物有理性沟通能力 – 无关

b)     心理和物理愉悦，很多人更喜欢物理上的愉悦 – correct

c)     有的小时候没有接触过古典音乐的人长大后通常更喜欢流行音乐 – 加强

d)     很多运动员觉得自己是幸福的 – 没有提到意识，无关

e)     很多运动员喜欢美食。- 没提到意识，无关

P：最老的wheat在乡村的strip里被发现

C：wheat最先在strip里被种植

果因推理，找到另一个可能的原因，否定他因即加强

a)     别种wheat覆盖很大的面积 – 无关

b)     野生wheat和种植wheat长得一样好 – 无关

c)     种植的wheat是所有粮食种类中最有营养的 – 无关

d)     在野生wheat被发现的地方，农业发展前气候变化不明显。Correct

e)     没有基因检测很难区分e wheat和其他wheat – 无关

P：seals和SL由于疾病数量减少，这个疾病也可能传染给SO

C：疾病更可能是造成SO数量减少的原因

Weaken：主要探讨疾病和数量减少的关系，数量减少的他因

a)     当Seals和SL的数量减少时，他们的捕食者会不是SO。Correct 他因

b)     SO在NP的数量不因为SO的迁徙而减少。无关

c)     1980s，SO在原先常见的地方消失了。无关

d)     SU的数量增多。无关

e)     Seals和SL覆盖的地域面积比SO大。无关

C：玻璃垃圾重量减少的百分比大于铝罐

Gap：铝的回收比玻璃多

a)     玻璃瓶的重量远大于铝罐。百分比和重量无关

b)     回收的铝罐都是饮料罐，但是大量回收玻璃瓶时饮料瓶之外的。Correct

错误因为回收应用与是否是饮料容器无关

c) 生厂商把很多玻璃瓶换成了塑料瓶。无关

玻璃不是因为回收少，是因为生产少，他因，correct

d)     购买玻璃瓶的总重量比铝罐的增长速度快。和生活垃圾无关

e)     玻璃瓶要按颜色分类，铝罐不用，。无关

H1：TB停下来时为了休息

H2：TB停下来因为突然看不见 - 无法处理快速变化的图像

这题好像做了三遍还是错，考场遇到就放弃。

一直觉得这题很吊诡因为我认为只要增强其中一个，就代表了削弱另一个。。记得第一次做时除了无关选项其他都觉得是对的。

A)    当虫子直接飞向TB时，TB没有停顿。与H1无关，削弱H2

B)     当虫子向上或向下飞上坡或下坡追虫子时TB的停顿次数一样。 与H1和H2无关削弱H1和H2

C)   TB的停顿周期固定，尽管TB在下次抓的时候会增加速度。与H1和H2无关  强调休息时间固定？求解，翻过各种贴的解释一直没有找到很好的说明。

D)    如果TB停下来时没有获得虫子，TB就会放弃追逐。与H1和H2无关

E)     当一个障碍物放在TB面前，TB有的时候立即停下来，但是从不会绕过。增强H2削弱H1. Correct 没有削弱H1

云栈

1.        25s
P： 人类有比其他动物更敏感的感知能力
C：一旦人类意识到这一点，他们就不会因为不包含gratification of these faculties的事情变得开心
推测：有人意识到这点，但是依然开心
选项分析：B
A: 提到海豚和猩猩跟人没有关系
B：说明有感知能力的人依然喜欢physical pleasures
C：传统和流行音乐和是否有感知能力无关
D: athletes和感知能力无关
E: 同D

2.        35s
P; 人工种植最早被发现是在E和A。最早的野生长大的地方在southwest A。
P：最早被发现的的人工种植的地方在和野生的在一个narrow strip
C：emmer wheat第一次被传播是在这个strip
推测：最早的野生长大的比最早的人工种植的要早
选项分析：D

3.        45s
B：otters的数量变少被认为有两种原因，捕食和疾病
P：海狮和海豹因为疾病所以数量变少
C: otters也可能因为这种疾病的传染而变少
推测；证明因为捕食而变少的。海狮海豹变少了，所以杀人鲸只能吃更多的otters
选项分析：A

4.        35s
B：饮料产生的垃圾下降
P：主要是因为循环使用铝和玻璃。
P：虽然循环铝的推广比玻璃要广，但是在垃圾中发现的玻璃的重量降低的比铝的多
推测：1978年到1988年，饮料瓶中玻璃的使用数变小
选项分析：C
5.        52s
B：tiger beetles跑的很快，能抓上任何的的虫子。但是在攻击虫子之前他们会停顿一会儿。
P1：因为他们跑的太快了不能维持平衡。
P2: 因为视觉信息接收的没那么快，会看不到
推测：跑的时候旁边有别的虫子回去追别的。有别的虫子但是不追，身体平衡
选项分析:C

喜皮

2.29s
A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated.
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.
D

3.29s

(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
A

4.43s

(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.
A
OA：C

5.
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
D
OA：C
逻辑链错两道，再回看一遍原题就放下了，不浪费时间做别的

喜皮

1.—->29s
Premise:if people aware of these
Conclusion:they will not be happy if the things does not have gratification of 【cognitive】faculty
Bg info:people have superior cognitive faculty to other animals
Prethink:weaken—>conditional conclusion.arrangement change/will not lead to the result/if not aware of, they can also be happy about that kind of things.

Airrelevent to human
Bkept for the first round.right
Cirrelevent
Dkept for the first round没有涉及运动员与非感知满足的关系
Eirrelevent
OA:B
思路：weaken the argument we must show that individuals can be made happy without gratification of the cognitive faculties.

gumgum330

精炼 人有比其他动物更优越的认知并且一旦人类意识到这个，她们不会开心的被那些会包括满足感的器官
太绕了 我都晕了
重新复述一下 并且最后一句取非
人的认知比动物更优越，他们能够被那些包括满意感的器官所愉悦

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication. 一些动物能够理性交流 没有关系
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more. 同时遇到认知激励和物理愉悦 人更喜欢后者 感觉增强
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult. 那些在孩童时期没有体验狗古典音乐的会更喜欢流行乐在成年的时候
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.那些人是运动员认为自己更快乐
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food. 运动员喜欢美食
感觉选D  错了 不过看了解释恍然大悟


BG：驯化的wheat发现在最早的农业中存在于欧洲和亚洲 唯一的地点野生wheat发现生长的是相对狭窄的南亚
evidence：因为最早的存在的驯化的wheat是来自相同的狭窄地带
conclusion：wheat首先是在那里驯化的
最早驯化----首先训话？？

(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.无关
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.很容易训话 那么有点削弱
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated. 是最有影响的与结论没有关系
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture. 气候没多大变化 hold 后来反过来一想
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.很难区分 这是削弱
只有d

echo-LUO

精练：
题目提供两个facts：Human beings have cognitive faculties that are superior to those of other animals；
once humans become aware of these, they cannot be made happy by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties.
(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more.
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult.
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy.
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food.
好难，这道题没有看懂
这篇文章的结论是，人们必需要被包含已经了解的认知能力的事物取悦，所以包含两个条件，第一是become aware of，第二个是cognitive faculties。B选项就说明，除了cognitive faculties之外，其它的也可以带来愉悦

逻辑链
21. HELP
人类种植的we存在在欧洲和亚洲。但野生的ew唯一被发现在sa，且因为发现的最早的人类种植的ew也在这里，所以we就是在这里最早被改变成人类种植的东西

(A) The presentday distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia.
(B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains.
(C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated. 因为有很高的价值，所以人们才会种植？
(D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture.为啥选...
(E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia.

22. HURT
造成so死亡的原因有两种，天敌或者疾病；但一些动物因为疾病死亡，且这些动物和so一样都很容易感染，所以得出结论，so更可能是因为疾病死亡
漏洞：容易感染不代表会感染。这个病毒可能无法在so生活的地方存在、so的食物可能可以解毒etc
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.
(B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
(C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
(D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source.
(E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.距离远，所以不易传播

23. HELP
1978-1988，饮料罐垃圾越来越少，因为人们开始尝试回收铝罐和玻璃罐。但是尽管铝罐的回收范围更大，玻璃罐重量比铝罐重量减少的更快
原因：可能玻璃罐的单位重量更大啊，基数更小啊，玻璃罐更容易被收集啊etc
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.
(B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages.
(C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plastic containers.生产商提供的玻璃瓶少了，自然产生的垃圾也少了
(D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans.
(E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.

24. HELP&HURT
tb可以快速捕捉猎物，但总是要在发动攻击前停顿。一种假说是tb很难保持高速的节奏，所以需要停顿来休息；一种假说是tb的视力需要适应剧烈的速度变化
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.说明第一能看到，第二，歇息是固定的，多半是累了
(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.在昆虫不动的时候，也有固定的休息时间，并且之后加速，说明是因为看不到，而不是pace
(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

May97

占

宋痂岛__

B
D
A
C
C

hedyail

D6 错2对3，关键在于理解题意

精炼
T 31S
PRE:human has better congitive faculties
CON:human cannot be happier by anything that does not involve gratification of these faculties
WEAKEN

(A) Certain animals—dolphins and chimpanzees,
for example—appear to be capable of
rational communication.- not related to other animals
(B) Many people familiar both with intellectual
stimulation and with physical pleasures
enjoy the latter more. - 没对比
(C) Someone who never experienced classical
music as a child will usually prefer popular
music as an adult. - support
(D) Many people who are serious athletes consider
themselves to be happy. - 没有前后功能的对比
(E) Many people who are serious athletes love
gourmet food. -correct

E c

逻辑链
T2 28s
PRE:traces of cultivated EW are found in Europe and Asia. Wild form of EW can only be found in a strip of southwest asia.
oldest remains of cultivated EW also in the same village in the strip
CON:EW was first domesticated in the strip
SUPPORT
D ACD无关讨论

T3 40s
PRE:sea otters decreased a lot in 1980s. Two main reasons:predation and disease. The diseases that infect other creatures like sea seals can also cause sea otters to get infected
CONisease is a more likely reason
WEAKEN
A B有点support,CDE无关

T4
BG:1978-1989， beverage containers accounted less percentage of total weight of household garbage in USA. Recycling is the main reason.
PRE:A recycling was more widely practiced than glass recycling.
CON:the weight of glass declined by a greater percentage than A
EXPLAIN
C D有support,E无关，AB有诱惑

T5 42s
PRE:TB are fast runners. When running to an insect, TB may suddenly stop and the nresume their attack.
Hypothese:
1)cannot maintain their pace and need a rest
2)cannot process the changing visual information and go blind to stop
Support 1 hypothese but undermine another one
A 不太确定  c