【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-18】【OG10】

fox0923

不好意思啊~我差点忘记了更新CR练习，赶紧补上~11月党的大家们加油啊~hope好像要考试了吧，同样加油！
------------------------------------狐狐分界线：以下为重要内容-------------------------------

***还有一则通告：今天将是最后一期CR改版前的练习了，所以希望大家可以给我们新版的CR多提建议多些支持~谢谢大家了~顺便补充一下：CR逻辑小分队练习会在最近几天处于新版CR调整期间，不过我们不会让大家等太久的，希望大家可以密切关注阿！***


Questions 119 – 120 are based on the following.


According to the Tristate Transportation Authority, making certain improvements to the main commuter rail line would increase ridership dramatically. The authority plans to finance these improvements over the course of five years by raising automobile tolls on the two high-way bridges along the route the rail line serves. Although the proposed improvements are indeed needed, the authority’s plan for securing the necessary funds should be rejected because it would unfairly force drivers to absorb the entire cost of something from which they receive no benefit.


119. Which of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the effectiveness of the authority’s plan to
finance the proposed improvements by increasing bridge tolls?
(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated
toll-collecting machines.
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong
opposition to the proposed toll increase.


120. Which of the following, if true, would provide the authority with the strongest counter to the objection that its plan is unfair?


(A) Even with the proposed toll increase, the average bridge toll in the tristate region would remain less than the tolls charged in neighboring states.
(B) Any attempt to finance the improvements by raising rail fares would result in a decrease in ridership and so would be self-defeating.
(C) Automobile commuters benefit from well-maintained bridges, and in the tristate region bridge maintenance is funded out of general income tax revenues to which both automobile and rail commuters contribute.
(D) The roads along the route served by the rail line are highly congested and drivers benefit when commuters are diverted from congested roadways to mass transit.
(E) The only alternative way of funding the proposed improvements now being considered is through a regional income tax surcharge, which would affect automobile commuters and rail commuters alike.


121. Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the
product is advertised to consumers. Such promotion often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers. Nevertheless, the manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.


Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the claim above about the manufacturers’ profit?


(A) The amount of discount generally offered by manufacturers to retailers is carefully calculated to represent the minimum needed to draw consumers’ attention to the product.
(B) For many consumer products the period of advertising discounted prices to consumers is about a week, not sufficiently long for consumers to become used to the sale price.
(C) For products that are not newly introduced, the purpose of such promotions is to keep the products in the minds of consumers and to attract consumers who are currently using competing products.
(D) During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular price.
(E) If a manufacturer fails to offer such promotions but its competitor offers them, that competitor will tend to attract consumers away from the manufacturer’s product.



122. When people evade income taxes by not declaring taxable income, a vicious cycle results. Tax evasion
forces lawmakers to raise income tax rates, which causes the tax burden on nonevading taxpayers to become heavier. This, in turn, encourages even more taxpayers to evade income taxes by hiding taxable income.

The vicious cycle described above could not result unless which of the following were true?

(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax
incomes.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from years to year.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.

124. The local board of education found that, because the current physics curriculum has little direct relevance to today’s world, physics classes attracted few high school students. So to attract students to physics classes, the board proposed a curriculum that emphasizes principles of physics involved in producing and analyzing visual images.


Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest reason to expect that the proposed curriculum will be
successful in attracting students?


(A) Several of the fundamental principles of physics are involved in producing and analyzing visual images.
(B) Knowledge of physics is becoming increasingly important in understanding the technology used in today’s world.
(C) Equipment that a large producer of photographic equipment has donated to the high school could be used in the proposed curriculum.
(D) The number of students interested in physics today is much lower than the number of students interested in physics 50 years ago.
(E) In today’s world the production and analysis of visual images is of major importance in communications,
business, and recreation.

fox0923

121.
19s
P: The manufacture normally offers discount to the retailers for a period, and the retailers can make more profit.
C: However, the retailers can still make profit without such discount service.
S: The leftover products can be sold out in their original prices.

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/16 3:33:15)

fox，这个逻辑链是怎么推出来的，为什么我就看不出里面的道道来？？

-- by 会员 陈小宅 (2012/1/5 0:36:23)

Manufacturers sometimes discount the price of a product to retailers for a promotion period when the
product is advertised to consumers.
这部分是premise，就是说供应商有时会给零售业一些discount在产品上。
Such promotion often result in a dramatic increase in amount of product sold by the manufacturers to retailers.
这部分同样是premise，这些promotion（即discount）通常可以让供应商卖给零售商更多的商品。
Nevertheless, the manufacturers could often make more profit by not holding the promotions.
结论：尽管如此，供应商可以在不提供零售商这些discount的时候获更多的利。


题目要你support，那就是要想一个条件供应商在不提供discount的其它什么情况下能够获更多的利？其实反向说明了discount不如non-discount时候获利多。
Analysis：要想继续盈利且没有discount，很可能就是他家的商品继续以原价销售。那么如果零售商在discount的时候买了很多产品因为便宜的原因，但是太多了反而造成了囤积，那么他们就肯定要在之后的很长一段时间里卖出去，那么这段时间他们就不会再从供应商那里进货了，这样供应商有时在discount的情况下就不能make profit。但是如果以原价出售可能还能获得利润。


Prephrase：零售商把这些囤积的产品要在一段时间里按照原价卖出去。
(D) During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular price.


不知道小宅明白了没？

陈小宅

121.
19s
P: The manufacture normally offers discount to the retailers for a period, and the retailers can make more profit.
C: However, the retailers can still make profit without such discount service.
S: The leftover products can be sold out in their original prices.

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/16 3:33:15)

fox，这个逻辑链是怎么推出来的，为什么我就看不出里面的道道来？？

陈小宅

119.
P：让drivers没有利益的缴费不公平
C：政府的计划应该reject
削弱题，应该是一个是drivers得到benefit的条件来削弱C，选D
120
做错了，抑郁的没有搞明白这算神马题型？？
121
P：M给r discount price，导致m 给r的increase in amount
C：不举行promotion m 可以获得更多利益
?选D
122
P: tax evasion -- raise rates -- burden no evading people--more people evade tax
C：vicious cycle
?选C
124
P：为了吸引students
C：强调principles通过visual images
?选E

fox0923

狐狐姐 我今天考试没有考成小概率事件发生在我身上了

-- by 会员 UlysessHope (2011/11/16 22:08:25)

我看到了，没关系，hope~那是他们的问题，他们一定要负全责才能赔偿我们hope的精神损失费！
现在看看21号有没有位子，然后好好在多余的时间里准备，我有个朋友也是21号考试，应该不会换库，估计GMAC中心的没有那么无聊一定要在thanksgiving day以前换库.hope放心好了~~加油！狐狐支持你！

UlysessHope

狐狐姐 我今天考试没有考成小概率事件发生在我身上了

chensong211

弱弱的问一下 每天逻辑讨论帖都是什么时候出？还有逻辑小分队是怎么参与和准备？我想参与一下。问题有点白痴，希望楼主别被雷到。

-- by 会员 chensong211 (2011/11/15 23:05:48)

加入方法敬请期待全新逻辑帖子。无比欢迎加入CR小分队噢。这几天有空先跟着旧帖做嘿嘿。

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/11/15 23:58:08)

谢谢

chensong211

谢谢

chensong211

谢谢！

fox0923

119.
42s
P: The proposed plan is to charge people fees for the main highways nearby the new rail line.
C: The drivers will be forced to take such highway toll fees, so the plan should be rejected.
W: The drivers will not drive on the new rail line since they only drive in local areas.

(A) Before the authority increases tolls on any of the area bridges, it is required by law to hold public hearings at which objections to the proposed increase can be raised.
--> what happened before the increase of tolls is not relevant.
(B) Whenever bridge tolls are increased, the authority must pay a private contractor to adjust the automated
toll-collecting machines.
--> check the toll collecting machines is irrelevant.
(C) Between the time a proposed toll increase is announced and the time the increase is actually put into effect, many commuters buy more tokens than usual to postpone the effects of the increase.
--> support.
(D) When tolls were last increased on the two bridges in question, almost 20 percent of the regular commuter traffic switched to a slightly longer alternative route that has since been improved.
--> yes
(E) The chairman of the authority is a member of the Tristate Automobile Club that has registered strong
opposition to the proposed toll increase.
--> irrelevant.

120.
S: increase tolls can increase the commuters
(A) Even with the proposed toll increase, the average bridge toll in the tristate region would remain less than the tolls charged in neighboring states.
--> there is no need the comparison.
(B) Any attempt to finance the improvements by raising rail fares would result in a decrease in ridership and so would be self-defeating.
--> weaken
(C) Automobile commuters benefit from well-maintained bridges, and in the tristate region bridge maintenance is funded out of general income tax revenues to which both automobile and rail commuters contribute.
-->  funding is irrelevant.
(D) The roads along the route served by the rail line are highly congested and drivers benefit when commuters are diverted from congested roadways to mass transit.
--> yeah.
(E) The only alternative way of funding the proposed improvements now being considered is through a regional income tax surcharge, which would affect automobile commuters and rail commuters alike.
--〉this is a method but it cannot explain anything.


121.
19s
P: The manufacture normally offers discount to the retailers for a period, and the retailers can make more profit.
C: However, the retailers can still make profit without such discount service.
S: The leftover products can be sold out in their original prices.

(A) The amount of discount generally offered by manufacturers to retailers is carefully calculated to represent the minimum needed to draw consumers’ attention to the product.
--> this is irrelevant.
(B) For many consumer products the period of advertising discounted prices to consumers is about a week, not sufficiently long for consumers to become used to the sale price.
--> this doesn't support that the retailers can still make profit without discount.
(C) For products that are not newly introduced, the purpose of such promotions is to keep the products in the minds of consumers and to attract consumers who are currently using competing products.
--> this is the plan of company, but this cannot explain why the retailers can still make profit.
(D) During such a promotion retailers tend to accumulate in their warehouses inventory bought at discount; they then sell much of it later at their regular price.
--> bingo!
(E) If a manufacturer fails to offer such promotions but its competitor offers them, that competitor will tend to attract consumers away from the manufacturer’s product.
--> this means the retailers won't make profit without discount. Weaken.


122.
26s
P: People evade their income tax, this causes the lawyer to add more tax on the non-evaders.
C: More and more tax payers try to evade the tax.
R: The lawyer has to regulate the income tax for tax payers.

(A) An increase in tax rates tends to function as an incentive for taxpayers to try to increase their pretax
incomes.
--> An increase in tax rates would cause a more vicious cycle.
(B) Some methods for detecting tax evaders, and thus recovering some tax revenue lost through evasion, bring in more than they cost, but their success rate varies from years to year.
--> this is a make up plan, and it won't help from the root of vicious cycle.
(C) When lawmakers establish income tax rates in order to generate a certain level of revenue, they do not allow adequately for revenue that will be lost through evasion.
--> yeah.
(D) No one who routinely hides some taxable income can be induced by a lowering of tax rates to stop hiding such income unless fines for evaders are raised at the same time.
--> this is not a method.
(E) Taxpayers do not differ from each other with respect to the rate of taxation that will cause them to evade taxes.
--> the types of taxpayers are irrelevant.


124.
29s
P: The physics classes cannot attract students any more.
C: So the school plans to involve more images and visualized things into physics to attract students.
S: These visualized things are very important in the modern world.

(A) Several of the fundamental principles of physics are involved in producing and analyzing visual images.
--> 说了半天，还是说physics itself，this cannot explain the plan will be successful.
(B) Knowledge of physics is becoming increasingly important in understanding the technology used in today’s world.
--> knowledge of physics is important, but it doesn't say anything about the visualized images.
(C) Equipment that a large producer of photographic equipment has donated to the high school could be used in the proposed curriculum.
-> the donation from a high school is irrelevant.
(D) The number of students interested in physics today is much lower than the number of students interested in physics 50 years ago.
--> This is to weaken the argument.
(E) In today’s world the production and analysis of visual images is of major importance in communications,
business, and recreation.
--> bingo!