【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-1】【OG10】

UlysessHope

转眼间已经到了第五期了~~~作为逻辑小分队的一员（嗯~虽然当初说是接替kid贴题吧）深感荣幸！
感谢老大daisy建立了这个逻辑小分队，现在小香蕉，狐狐姐，bala，还有好多兄弟姐妹参与其中，真的很温馨。
大家的付出终会有收获的，我一直坚信这一点。
朋友，愿你在这条逐梦的路上enjoy yourself~

41. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
A.Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.
B.The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city’s midtown area.
C.Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.
D.The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.
E.Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayor’s publicity campaign began.

42. In the aftermath of a worldwide stock-market crash, Country T claimed that the severity of the stock-market crash it experienced resulted from the accelerated process of denationalization many of its industries underwent shortly before the crash.
Which of the following, if it could be carried out, would be most useful in an evaluation of Country T’s assessment of the causes of the severity of its stock-market crash?
A.calculating the average loss experienced by individual traders in Country T during the crash
B.using economic theory to predict the most likely date of the next crash in Country T
C.comparing the total number of shares sold during the worst days of the crash in Country T to the total number of shares sold in Country T just prior to the crash
D.comparing the severity of the crash in Country T to the severity of the crash in countries otherwise economically similar to Country T that have not experienced recent denationalization
E.comparing the long-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T to the immediate, more severe short-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T

43. With the emergence of biotechnology companies, it was feared that they would impose silence about proprietary results on their in–house researchers and their academic consultants. This constraint, in turn, would slow the development of biological science and engineering.
Which of the following, if true, would tend to weaken most seriously the prediction of scientific secrecy described above?
A.Biotechnological research funded by industry has reached some conclusions that are of major scientific importance.
B.When the results of scientific research are kept secret, independent researchers are unable to build on those results.
C.Since the research priorities of biotechnology companies are not the same as those of academic institutions, the financial support of research by such companies distorts the research agenda.
D.To enhance the companies’ standing in the scientific community, the biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially results that are important.
E.Biotechnology companies devote some of their research resources to problems that are of fundamental scientific importance and that are not expected to produce immediate practical applications.

44. Some people have questioned the judge’s objectivity in cases of sex discrimination against women. But the record shows that in sixty percent of such cases, the judge has decided in favor of the women. This record demonstrates that the judge has not discriminated against women in cases of sex discrimination against women.
The argument above is flawed in that it ignores the possibility that
A.a large number of the judge’s cases arose out of allegations of sex discrimination against women
B.many judges find it difficult to be objective in cases of sex discrimination against women
C.the judge is biased against women defendants or plaintiffs in cases that do not involve sex discrimination
D.the majority of the cases of sex discrimination against women that have reached the judge’s court have been appealed from a lower court
E.the evidence shows that the women should have won in more than sixty percent of the judge’s cases involving sex discrimination against women

balapupu

先把OG10弄完吧~这样每个弄一半~~不好大家以后复习了。。。

balapupu

额。。。前几天出去放风了~~现在开始回来补作业。。。。。
1.[24s]【因果结论型】
P：Mayor bus service campaign-->th car driving decreased, the number of people take bus increased.
C: it's the mayor campaign lead the people shift to taking the bus.
weaken:gasoline price increased make people want take bus to save money.
A:
A.Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six mont【support】
B.The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city’s midtown area.【无关对象】
C.Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.【right】
D.The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.【无关纵横比】
E.Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayor’s publicity campaign began.【无关纵横比】

2.【27s】【因果结论型】
P: industry denationalize --》C：the severity of the stock market crash.
Evaluative:whether there are any other factors.
A:A.calculating the average loss experienced by individual traders in Country T during the crash【无关对象】
B.using economic theory to predict the most likely date of the next crash in Country T【无关时间】
C.comparing the total number of shares sold during the worst days of the crash in Country T to the total number of shares sold in Country T just prior to the crash【无关时间】
D.comparing the severity of the crash in Country T to the severity of the crash in countries otherwise economically similar to Country T that have not experienced recent denationalization 【right】
E.comparing the long-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T to the immediate, more severe short-term effects of the crash on the purchasing power of the currency of Country T【无关对象】

3.【26s】【前提结论型】
P： more biotechnology companies --> impose salient on the experiment-->C:slow the development of the bio science.
weaken: more companies-->more compete-->more public the result.
A:
A.Biotechnological research funded by industry has reached some conclusions that are of major scientific importance.【support】
B.When the results of scientific research are kept secret, independent researchers are unable to build on those results.【support】
C.Since the research priorities of biotechnology companies are not the same as those of academic institutions, the financial support of research by such companies distorts the research agenda.【无关对象】
D.To enhance the companies’ standing in the scientific community, the biotechnology companies encourage employees to publish their results, especially results that are important.【right】
E.Biotechnology companies devote some of their research resources to problems that are of fundamental scientific importance and that are not expected to produce immediate practical applications.【support】

4.P：judge in favor of the women in 60% sex discrimination cases.
  C: there is no discrimination in women.
weaken: those cases already discriminated women, the rate in fact is low.
A:A.a large number of the judge’s cases arose out of allegations of sex discrimination against women【无关对象】
B.many judges find it difficult to be objective in cases of sex discrimination against women【support】
C.the judge is biased against women defendants or plaintiffs in cases that do not involve sex discrimination【无关对象】
D.the majority of the cases of sex discrimination against women that have reached the judge’s court have been appealed from a lower court【support】
E.the evidence shows that the women should have won in more than sixty percent of the judge’s cases involving sex discrimination against women【right】

fox0923

15s
P: The publicity take bus has been increasing, yet people who drive cars have been decreasing.
C: The mayor's plan has been successful.
A:C

26s
P: The aftermath of stock market failure.
C: Many companies fail because of the denationalization.
A：D

脑子不在这里，好饿~一会再回来看完！
btw，有这么多人参加，我也觉得很温馨呢，但是好像练习的就我们几个，想把这个帖子扩大，大家都说说想法吧。之前和daisy讨论了一下，但是只是大概框框而已，还没有谈到具体的。暂时我们的想法是用每天一题的方式来，但是一定要精练，不仅分析逻辑链还要说出个个选项的错误点在哪里。我和daisy在考虑使用manhattan的教材，里面的解释比较详细。但是具体怎么个实施还得想想，大家各抒己见~

UlysessHope

41.
The passage concludes that the mayor’s publicity campaign has persuaded people to ride the bus to word
instead of driving, and it cites as evidence the decreased morning automobile traffic and increased bus ridership
into the midtown area. But the road reconstruction described in C provides an alternative explanation for this
evidence, so C is the best answer. A eliminates decreased fares as a possible explanation for the increased
ridership, so it supports rather than casts doubt on the conclusion. The fact that the mayor rides the bus, cited in
B, may contribute to the effectiveness of the publicity campaign, but it is irrelevant to assessing whether the
campaign caused the increased ridership. D eliminates a possible explanation-that the increased ridership is a
result of extra buses-and thus supports the conclusion rather than casts doubt on it. E eliminates a possible
explanation-that the increased ridership is a result of improved service-and thus supports the conclusion rather
than casts doubt on it.
42.
The comparison suggested in D would be useful in evaluating Country T’s assessment of the cause of the
severity of its stock market crash. If the severity of the crash is at least as great in the countries that are, except
for recent nationalization, economically similar to Country T, Country T’s assessment is undermined. if the
severity of the crash is not as great in these countries as in Country T, however, the assessment is supported.
Thus, D is the best answer. A, C and E are not good answers because each concerns only determining the
severity of the crash in Country T, not assessing a hypothesis about the causes of the crash. The date of
Country T’s next crash is not relevant to any hypothesis about what caused its latest crash to be so severe; thus
B is inappropriate.
43.
D weakens the prediction of secrecy by establishing that biotechnology companies have a strong motive to
encourage their researchers to publicize results. Therefore, it is the best answer. A and B support the argument
that developments in biological science and engineering would be slowed if the prediction of secrecy were
fulfilled, but do not provide any reason to expect that the prediction will not be fulfilled. The distortion of the
research agenda asserted in C is not relevant to the question of scientific secrecy. E, which says that
biotechnology companies devote some resources to fundamental problems without immediate practical benefits,
is merely consistent with that argument and so does not weaken the prediction.
44.
The flaw in the argument is that is assumes erroneously that a majority of decisions favorable to women in sex
discrimination cases demonstrates absence of discriminatory behavior against women on the part of the judge who
made those decisions. E exposes this flaw by pointing out that the judge may well have failed to decide in
favor of women in cases where evidence shows that the women should have won. Therefore, it is the best
answer. A and D have no bearing on the reasoning of the argument, because the origin of the cases is not at
issue in the argument. B and C introduce considerations with no bearing on the reasoning of the argument.
Because the argument concerns a particular judge, and cases of a particular type, B and C are inappropriate.