【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑4-11】【OG】

UlysessHope

牛牛们都说OG是基础，是王道。打好基础，从今天开始
又一轮的OG复习~~~
祝愿十月考G大军的每一个人都能实现心中所想！
加油！HOPE与你们同在。
1."Life expectancy" is the average age at death of the entire live-born population. In the middle of the nineteenth century, life expectancy in North America was 40 years, whereas now it is nearly 80 years. Thus, in those days, people must have been considered old at an age that we now consider the prime of life.

Which of the following, if true, undermines the argument above?

(A)In the middle of the nineteenth century, the population of North America was significantly smaller than it is today.

(B)Most of the gains in life expectancy in the last 150 years have come from reductions in the number of infants who die in their first year of life.

(C)Many of the people who live to an advanced age today do so only because of medical technology that was unknown in the nineteenth century.

(D)The proportion of people who die in their seventies is significantly smaller today than is the proportion of people who die in their eighties.

(E)More people in the middle of the nineteenth century engaged regularly in vigorous physical activity than do so today.

2. Scientists propose placing seismic stations on the floor of the Pacific Ocean to warn threatened coastal communities on the northwestern coast of the United States of approaching tidal waves caused by earthquakes. Since forewarned communities could take steps to evacuate, many of the injuries and deaths that would otherwise occur could be avoided if the government would implement this proposal.

The answer to which of the following questions would be most important in determining whether implementing the proposal would be likely to achieve the desired result?

(A)When was the last time that the coastal communities were threatened by an approaching tidal wave?

(B)How far below sea level would the stations be located?

(C)Would there be enough time after receiving warning of an approaching tidal wave for communities to evacuate safely?

(D)How soon after a tidal wave hits land is it safe for evacuees to return to their communities?

(E)Can the stations be equipped to collect and relay information about phenomena other than tidal waves caused by earthquakes?

3. Homeowners aged 40 to 50 are more likely to purchase ice cream and are more likely to purchase it in larger amounts than are members of any other demographic group. The popular belief that teenagers eat more ice cream than adults must, therefore, be false.

The argument is flawed primarily because the author

(A) fails to distinguish between purchasing and consuming

(B) does not supply information about homeowners in age groups other than 40 to 50

(C) depends on popular belief rather than on documented research findings

(D) does not specify the precise amount of ice cream purchased by any demographic group

(E) discusses ice cream rather than more nutritious and healthful foods

4. According to a prediction of the not-so-distant future published in 1940, electricity would revolutionize agriculture. Electrodes would be inserted into the soil, and the current between them would kill bugs and weeds and make crop plants stronger.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the logic of the prediction above is flawed?

(A)In order for farmers to avoid electric shock while working in the fields, the current could be turned off at such times without diminishing the intended effects.

(B)If the proposed plan for using electricity were put into practice, farmers would save on chemicals now being added to the soil.

(C)It cannot be taken for granted that the use of electricity is always beneficial.

(D)Since weeds are plants, electricity would affect weeds in the same way as it would affect crop plants.

(E)Because a planting machine would need to avoid coming into contact with the electrodes, new parts for planting machines would need to be designed.



AA

37原题The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.

“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”

Discuss how well reasoned... etc.

UlysessHope

1."Life expectancy" is the average age at death of the entire live-born population. In the middle of the nineteenth century, life expectancy in North America was 40 years, whereas now it is nearly 80 years. Thus, in those days, people must have been considered old at an age that we now consider the prime of life.
P:19th century: LE40 ;  Now: LE80
C:那时年老现在被认为壮年
Gap: LE与old和the prime of life的关系
Weaken: LE 升高因为infants死亡的减少

2. Scientists propose placing seismic stations on the floor of the Pacific Ocean to warn threatened coastal communities on the northwestern coast of the United States of approaching tidal waves caused by earthquakes. Since forewarned communities could take steps to evacuate, many of the injuries and deaths that would otherwise occur could be avoided if the government would implement this proposal.
P: SS are placed on the floor to warn tidal waves.提前接到warn的communities会撤退
C: injuries and deaths减少
Gap：接到warn是否有足够时间撤退

3. Homeowners aged 40 to 50 are more likely to purchase ice cream and are more likely to purchase it in larger amounts than are members of any other demographic group. The popular belief that teenagers eat more ice cream than adults must, therefore, be false.
Gap: purchase IC与eat IC的关系

4. According to a prediction of the not-so-distant future published in 1940, electricity would revolutionize agriculture. Electrodes would be inserted into the soil, and the current between them would kill bugs and weeds and make crop plants stronger.
GAP: Electrodes杀死bugs weeds同时是否损害crop

balapupu

今天看了bat 的帖子，准备用Bat的方法来练一下CR.
1.【28s】【纵向变化型】
P:average life expectancy in the old times,40 years--> nowadays,80 years
C:people that consider old in the past now consider young.
weaken:the increasing average life expectancy is because the infant death rate decline.
A:A)In the middle of the nineteenth century, the population of North America was significantly smaller than it is today.（无关比较）
(B)Most of the gains in life expectancy in the last 150 years have come from reductions in the number of infants who die in their first year of life.（right answer）
(C)Many of the people who live to an advanced age today do so only because of medical technology that was unknown in the nineteenth century.(无关对象）
(D)The proportion of people who die in their seventies is significantly smaller today than is the proportion of people who die in their eighties.（无关比较）
(E)More people in the middle of the nineteenth century engaged regularly in vigorous physical activity than do so today.（无关对象）
2.【25s】【措施目的型】
P：scientist use seismic station to detect the tide and warn the community--> community can use these information to evacuate.
C: government can use this plan to decrease the death rate.
Evaluate: whether the community has enough time to evacuate.
AA)When was the last time that the coastal communities were threatened by an approaching tidal wave?（无关时间）
(B)How far below sea level would the stations be located?（无关地点）
(C)Would there be enough time after receiving warning of an approaching tidal wave for communities to evacuate safely?（right answer）
(D)How soon after a tidal wave hits land is it safe for evacuees to return to their communities?（无关时间）
(E)Can the stations be equipped to collect and relay information about phenomena other than tidal waves caused by earthquakes?（无关对象）
3.【22s】【因果结论型】
P：people age 40-50 more likely to buy ice cream and buy larger amounts--->C: these group people are more likely to eat the ice cream than the teenager.
weaken: these people may buy for their kids.
AA) fails to distinguish between purchasing and consuming(right)
(B) does not supply information about homeowners in age groups other than 40 to 50(无关信息）
(C) depends on popular belief rather than on documented research findings（和信息来源无关）
(D) does not specify the precise amount of ice cream purchased by any demographic group（和具体数量无关）
(E) discusses ice cream rather than more nutritious and healthful foods（无关对象）
4.【25s】【因果结论型】
P：insert electricity into the land-->C: help the crops grow better by killing the insects.
weaken: the electricity may hurt the human or some beneficial animal.
(A)In order for farmers to avoid electric shock while working in the fields, the current could be turned off at such times without diminishing the intended effects.（support)
(B)If the proposed plan for using electricity were put into practice, farmers would save on chemicals now being added to the soil.(无关对象）
(C)It cannot be taken for granted that the use of electricity is always beneficial.（right）
(D)Since weeds are plants, electricity would affect weeds in the same way as it would affect crop plants.（无关对象）（啊。。。错了。。想偏了。。）（文章的问题在于预测的错误，而不是计划的可行性）
(E)Because a planting machine would need to avoid coming into contact with the electrodes, new parts for planting machines would need to be designed.（无关对象）

UlysessHope

那我今天也跟着hope贴OG~
大家加油啊~
尤其是十月大军~

-- by 会员 bananazoo (2011/10/17 19:37:56)

要不放放吧·~~等daisy，狐狐姐考完再说吧~

bananazoo

那我今天也跟着hope贴OG~
大家加油啊~
尤其是十月大军~

UlysessHope

Og啦？回归了~我去数学JJ了先
加油，大家！

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/10/16 22:55:42)

是的啊
不知道题目贴什么了 等狐狐和daisy考完再说吧~~~
你们加油啊！

fox0923

Og啦？回归了~我去数学JJ了先
加油，大家！

UlysessHope

一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：

企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。

提供观点：

1.作者认为应该到该地区建厂理由是这里的失业率很高。但是却没有给出因果关系。从常理来看这是没有道理的因为失业率高的地方可能更难雇佣到雇员从而使成本增加。

2.作者认为该地区会鼓励研发，所以应该到该地区投资。但事实上就象作者说的那样该地区是制造业中心怎么可能有很多对技术和科研很熟练的人员。



1，因为H地区industrial and manufacturing比较attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只适合做这类的，如果缺乏能够做innovative technologies and research的工人labor pool，那么很可能导致失败。

2，H的低失业率更可能成为坏处。因为比如有less available work force。企业必须提高wage才能吸引他们。提高了COST。

3，错误的假设过去的成功能够代表未来。比方说已经饱和的资源、过分的竞争、以及可能出现的错误政策，都可能导致H地区的经济不再发达。