【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-19】

fox0923

Prep

Which of the following most logicallycompletes the argument?

Researchers recently asked dozens ofshoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket, what theyhad purchased.  The prices of the verysame items at the nearest ShopperKing supermarket were totaled and comparedwith the FoodBasket total.  TheShopperKing totals averaged five percent higher than the FoodBaskettotals.  Nevertheless, this result doesnot necessarily show that shoppers at ShopperKing would save money overall byshopping at FoodBasket instead, since __________.
A. shoppers who shop regularly at a givensupermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the itemsthat they purchase most often
B. for shoppers with more than 20 items, theShopperKing totals averaged more than five percent higher than the FoodBaskettotals
C. many shoppers consider factors other thanprice in choosing the supermarket at which they shop most regularly
D. there is little variation from month tomonth in the overall quantity of purchases made at supermarkets by a givenshopper
E. none of the people who conducted theresearch were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket
Answer: A
2. Personnel officer:  The exorbitant cost of our health-insurancebenefits reflects the high dollar amount of medical expenses incurred by ouremployees.  Employees who are out of shape,as a group, have higher doctor bills and longer hospital stays than do theircolleagues who are fit.  Therefore, sincewe must reduce our health-insurance costs, we should offer a rigorous fitnessprogram of jogging and weight lifting to all employees, and require employeeswho are out of shape to participate.
The conclusion reached by the personnelofficer depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. A person who is fit would receive aroutine physical checkup by a doctor less regularly than would a person who isout of shape.
B. The medical expenses incurred by employeeswho are required to participate in the fitness program would be less than thoseincurred by employees who are not required to participate.
C. The strenuous activities required ofout-of-shape employees by the program would not by themselves generate medicalexpenses greater than any reduction achieved by the program.
D. The fitness program would serve moreemployees who are out of shape than it would employees who are fit.
E. The employees who participate in thefitness program would be away from work because of illness less than would theemployees who do not participate.
Answer: C
3. Political advocacy groups have begun to useinformation services to disseminate information that is then accessed by thepublic via personal computer.  Since manygroups are thus able to bypass traditional news sources, whose reporting isselective, and to present their political views directly to the public,information services present a more balanced picture of the complexities ofpolitical issues than any traditional news source presents.
Which of the following is an assumption onwhich the argument above depends?
A. Information services are accessible toenough people to ensure that political advocacy groups can use these servicesto reach as large a percentage of the public as they could through traditionalnews sources.
B. People could get a thorough understandingof a particular political issue by sorting through information provided byseveral traditional news sources, each with differing editorial biases.
C. Information on political issuesdisseminated through information services does not come almost entirely fromadvocacy groups that share a single bias.
D. Traditional news sources seldom reportthe views of political advocacy groups accurately.
E. Most people who get information onpolitical issues from newspapers and other traditional news sources can readilyidentify the editorial biases of those sources.
Answer: C
4.Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occurirregularly in East Africa, several yearsapart.  When outbreaks do occur, theykill thousands of cattle.  A livestockvaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used.  It is too expensive for farmers to useroutinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination,administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little.  Nevertheless, experts predict that use of thevaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.
Which of the following, if true, providesthe strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?
A. Rift Valley fever is spread bymosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical tocontrol it by using insecticides.
B. When an outbreak of Rift Valley feveroccurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countriesaffected by the outbreak.
C. It would take less than a month forproducers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with alarge increase in demand.
D. Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers,who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hitby outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
E. Recently published research has shownthat certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, withintwo to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.
Answer: E
5.  Organizations should be structured in a clear hierarchy in which the people at each level, from top to bottom, are held accountable for completing a particular component of the work. Any other organizational structure goes against human nature and will ultimately prove fruitless.

yuehuasunday

1-18

1.

Background: Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.

Premise: But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.

Conclusion: So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.

© Correct

2.

Background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.  

Premise: Archaeologists have hypothesized

Conclusion: the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.

(B) Correct

3.

Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.

Premise: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments

Conclusion: which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects

(E)

4.

Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.

Premise: However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive,

Conclusion: same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.

(A) Correct

5.

Background: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.

Premise: Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.

Conclusion: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.

(B) Correct

Yvette19

1.
Prices in total in supermarket A is higher than prices in total in supermarket B.
But it does not means it shoppers in A go to B instead they would save money.

resolve the paradox:  there are some shoppers only buy products whose prices are lower at A than at B.
A

2.
BG: Exorbitant cost of health insurance for employees are mainly from the bills of unfit employees
PM: we must reduce the cost
CC: we should offer the employees who are out of shape fitness program

Assumption: Fitness program do have positive effect on keeping the employees away from doctor... or the extra expenses on the fitness program won't exceed the cost of health care insurance

3.
BG: Political advocacy groups offer info services, so that audience would bypass the traditional news.
PM: Traditional ways of reporting are selective and might have biases.
CC: The info services offered by political advocacy group present a better balanced picture of political issues

Assumption: the political advocacy groups themselves do not have any biases.C

4.
BG: Outbreaks of a disease in cattle irregularly happens in East Africa.
PM: A vaccine against the disease is too expensive and exert its effect after a month. Farmers cannot afford it as a routine protection.
CC: But it is predicted that the vaccine will be increasingly used.

Resolve the paradox: Other factors: eg. government will sponsor the farmer for the vaccine?
Answer: there might be indication before the disease's outbreaks longer than 1 month so that farmers cannot use the vaccine in ahead of time.

jinyueyue

10.20+【2-19】新人加入 作业NO.1！如下
1.31s
BG:researchers asked shoppers about what they buy at a F.
PRE1).the price of the verysame items are totaled and compared with S.       (2).S is 5% higer in total than F
CON：shoppers wouldn't save money at S than in F
可能方向：其他原因让顾客在S比在F消费多 我选择：C 正解：A
错因：没有想到total price高，单价不一定也高。要关注price间差别！
2.忘记计时了==
BG:exorbitant health-insurance benefits reflects high medical expenses.
PRE1).overweight employees have higher medical expenses
       (2)the need to reduce health-insurance costs
CONffer and require overweight employees to attend fitness program.
可能方向：参加项目可以让员工更健康 我选择：C 正解：C
3.50s
BG group begun information service to disseminate public information
PRE1)many group's select is elective
       (2)P want to present views directly
CON can provide a more balanced picture to public.
可能方向：P发布信息不受其他因素限制 我选择：A 正解：C
错因：答案应该是P的新信息来源更全面 没有关注news resources没有恰当使用取非法。
4.39s
BG1)a fever outbreaks irregularly,and kills cattles.
     (2)a vaccine against the fever exists but rarely used.
PRE:the vaccine too exepensive and not effective within 1 month.
CON:expert predict the use of the vaccine will increased.
可能方向：vaccine有明显优势，缺点可以忽略不计  我选择：C 正选：E
错因：看了FOX 答案才明白，原来专家可以提前预测出五个月的天气情况，那么vaccine就可以提前用了==好绕好绕
5.什么情况 题没打完么？
就对了一道 好忧桑。。。。。

joelee1991

1.30S
BG:ask shoppers ouf of FB supermarket what they buy.
Premise:1.FB's price is 5% lower than S.
       2.木有。
conclusion：shoppers purchase in FB not to save money.
ask for the second premise.

guess:FB相比S有不同于价格的因素。
C
2.25S
BG：high cost in medical show high expentisure.
premise:1.people who are out of shape have more difficulties with hospital.
conclusion：we should set some exercise programs to let employee who out of shape take part in.
guess:the assumption 排除了除了肥胖所致的一切其他原因。
C。
3.37S。
BG：advocate group use information services to spread news which then by  personalcomputer.
premise:1.since these political opinions directly send to the internet bypass the traditional way.
       2.木有。
conclusion：the information can balance the picture of many political views than traditional way
C
4.43S.
BG:一种病不定时大爆发，爆发时死很多牛。一种疫苗不常背用。
premise：1.太贵。
        2.一个月以后就无效了。
conclusion:还是预言这种疫苗会被广泛使用。
C。

崩溃，又是错两题..第一题因为粗心。结论没有开清楚....最后一题的E选项没有看懂.....导致没选....

fox0923

恩，还想着把bat大师抓过来呢，因为狐狐的解释确实不如bat的好，嘿嘿，不过花儿明白就达到目的了！

corneliaflower

太感谢狐狐了
完全明白了

fox0923

狐狐第三题我明白了
可是第四题为什么 专家能预测Rift Valley fever会爆发疫苗的销量就会上涨？  它不是会失效吗？  干嘛还用疫苗啊？  
是不是只有一秒这一种办法能防止Rift Valley fever呀？

我觉得我已经走向死胡同了...

-- by 会员 corneliaflower (2011/9/18 23:32:35)

4.Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart.  When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle.  （背景信息来着的）A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used（sub-conclusion）. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely（premise 1）, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination,administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little （premise 2）.  Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years（这个才是主结论，即反对前面的那个conclusion）.

经过对题干的分析以后，我们了解到两个原因：
1.药物太贵，farmers买不起  2.疫苗注射一个月以后就失效了
结论是大家都不用这个疫苗，然后专家却说疫苗会很快流行起来，为什么？
根据专家说得，我们要不就是weaken原因1，即farmers都买得起了（但是我觉得这不是导致不用疫苗的直接原因）；要不就是weaken原因2，即疫苗其实还是很有效的（相比较原因1来说更有说服力）

然后我们来看选项E:

Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

近来的研究表明这种可以被识别的天气状况是被这种fever跟随的。换句话就是这种天气如果可以被识别出来，那么之后的2-5个月里这种fever就会爆发。这样专家就有了了解这种fever什么时间爆发的依据，从而在合适的时机注射这种疫苗，就可以避免vaccine的失效。
花儿的想法之前我也有，后来想了想觉得应该是说：疫苗在注射以后一个月还没有爆发这种病的话，疫苗就会失效，原因是因为不能很好的预测fever什么时候爆发。而这里的E正好弥补了这个缺陷，疫苗在注射以后就可以开始起到效用，原因是因为我们可以很好的预测fever爆发的时间。
花儿再想想，人们为什么用疫苗？主要就是为了预防对不对？就是为了在发病前预防这种病对我们的侵害，但疫苗也有有效期，这就是为什么每年我们都要接种flu vaccine的原因。
不过这道题目确实比较模糊，要小小的结合一下常识，虽说这是在GMAT里面不应该的。
花儿明白了不？

corneliaflower

狐狐第三题我明白了
可是第四题为什么 专家能预测Rift Valley fever会爆发疫苗的销量就会上涨？  它不是会失效吗？  干嘛还用疫苗啊？  
是不是只有一秒这一种办法能防止Rift Valley fever呀？

我觉得我已经走向死胡同了...

fox0923

to bana：嗯，bana要注意身体，刚才做kid的逻辑时又看见bana了。嘿嘿，被我逮到了~~