【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-9】

balapupu

1.    Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson’s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?  B
(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetry misleads readers about the poet’s intentions.
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson’s poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.
2.    A law requiring companies to offer employees unpaid time off to care for their children will harm the economic competitiveness of our nation’s businesses. Companies must be free to set their own employment policies without mandated parental-leave regulations.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion of the argument above? C
(A) A parental-leave law will serve to strengthen the family as a social institution in this country.
(B) Many businesses in this country already offer employees some form of parental leave.
(C) Some of the countries with the most economically competitive businesses have strong parental-leave regulations.
(D) Only companies with one hundred or more employees would be subject to the proposed parental-leave law.
(E) In most polls, a majority of citizens say they favor passage of a parental-leave law.
3.   Studies of fatal automobile accidents reveal that, in the majority of cases in which one occupant of an automobile is killed while another survives, it is the passenger, not the driver, who is killed. It is ironic that the innocent passenger should suffer for the driver’s carelessness, while the driver often suffers only minor injuries or none at all.
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the reasoning in the passage above? A
(A) In most fatal automobile accidents, the driver of a car in which an occupant is killed is at fault.
(B) Drivers of automobiles are rarely killed in auto accidents.
(C) Most deaths in fatal automobile accidents are suffered by occupants of cars rather than by pedestrians.
(D) Auto safety experts should increase their efforts to provide protection for those in the passenger seats of automobiles.
(E) Automobile passengers sometimes play a contributing role in causing auto accidents.
4.  Reva: Using extraneous incentives to get teenagers to change their attitude toward school and schoolwork won’t work. Take the program in West Virginia, for instance, where they tried to reduce their dropout rate by revoking the driving licenses of kids who left school. The program failed miserably.
Anne: It’s true that the West Virginia program failed, but many schools have devised incentive programs that have been very successful in improving attendance and reducing discipline problems.
According to Anne, the weak point in Reva’s claim is that it E
(A) fails to consider the possibility that the majority of potential dropouts in West Virginia do not have driving licenses
(B) doesn’t provide any exact figures for the dropout rate in West Virginia before and during the program
(C) ignores a substantial body of evidence showing that parents and employers have been using extrinsic incentives with positive results for years
(D) assumes that a positive incentive—a prize or a reward—will be no more effective than a negative incentive, like the revoking of a driving license
(E) is based on a single example, the incentive program in West Virginia, which may not be typical
5.The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlo’s Clothing to the staff:
“Since Disc Depot, the music store on the next block, began a new radio advertising campaign last year, its business has grown dramatically, as evidenced by the large increase in foot traffic into the store. While the Disc Depot’s owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire, profits at Carlo’s Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. In order to boost our sales and profits, we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”(124)

Yvette19

1. 超时。。荒废两天回来就不给力了。。
J觉得吧，D作品大多被她早期的诗歌编辑曲解了她的本意。但作者认为，实际上J作为编辑，自己也没好到哪里去。
D手稿中标点符号很难辨认，J就直接全部用破折号统一代替了。
而D自己肯定是不希望看到自己的诗中出现破折号的。

2. 45s
BG:一项法律规定，公司必须给出员工家长无偿假期以照顾孩子。
Premise:但是这项规定一定是对国家经济竞争力有损害的。
cConclusion：所以国家应该允许公司可以制定自己的员工政策，而不用专门强制家长假期。

weaken：不休家长假对经济竞争力损伤更大
答案给的是counterexample，经济竞争力最强的国家是推行家长假制度的。

3. 45s
BG：一项调查显示，车祸中，两人在车中，如果一人死亡另一人幸存，这种情况多数是司机幸免，乘客死亡。
Conclusion：所以这很讽刺啊，车祸的起因是司机的失误，而后果却让无辜的乘客承担了。

assumption：所有车祸的起因确实都是司机的失误，与乘客无关。

4. 1min
R说：那些无关的刺激政策来鼓励孩子上学不要辍学基本上都没用。比如说那个WV他们把辍学孩子的驾照吊销了作为惩罚。但是最终也没有效果。
A说：也许吊销驾照确实没效果。但是其实还是有些刺激措施是起到了作用的，减少了一定的辍学率。

A觉得R以偏概全。

flonacui

1. 67s
D chose the dash when she never made any definitive choice at all.

2.50s
p about a law
c The law will harm the company's ecnomic competitiveness
weaken: The law is better for the economic competitiveness

3. 28s
P when the accidents occurred, the passengers always are killed.
c it is ironic that the passengers suffer from severe damage compared to the drivers
assumption: The accident is not due to the bad behavior about the passengers.
E opposite
A right answer 这类题很容易错选 尤其是脑子昏的时候

4.36s
R
P one instance in wv failed
C The incentives would not work
A
others are successful.
The example is not typical

AA
1>causation and correlation
other reasons account for the increasing business
2>false causation
large increase in foot traffic does not mean the growing business. other reasons accout for the foot traffic
3>plan-goal
plan would not reach its intended goal(cost-profit, the plan has some bad effects etc.)

大三准备留学

1.J有理有据的认为D的标点曲解了D诗歌的意思，但是J的研究方式是有问题的。D当时喜欢使用破折号。。把这个作为她特别的标点符号方式，她不会想到这个标点在打印后的样子。。。这按时着 她只是选择了这个标点 并没有特殊的意义。
得到：

2.要求企业给员工时间照料小孩的政策的法律会损害国家的经济竞争力，每个企业应该有自主决定关于雇佣者照料小孩的规定
削弱：不同一的政策更会损害竞争力

3。在大部分一死一伤的交通事故中，大部分都是乘客死 驾驶员伤 无辜的乘客不应该因为驾驶员的疏忽买单
假设：交通事故中 一死一伤占大多数。。。

4.R:弗吉尼亚的一个政策：收回退学学生的驾驶证，这个刺激并没有让学生们改变对学校的观点 所以这类刺激无用
A 很多其他刺激是游泳的
R的错：一个例子就推全面错

balapupu

1.额。。。。第一题真的没读懂额。。。查了查单词略懂点?
J说D的诗误解了他的意思。--》但是J自己也有曲解诗的责任。--》D的诗字体潦草，所以为了标准化用破折号来减少诗中的停顿.-->所以这说明D用破折号作为他标点的典型标志是别无选择的。
main point: D没有误解诗的意思。
2.【40s】法律要求公司要无偿未员工提供照顾子女的补助。--》但是这种政策不利于国家经济的发展，公司应该不用考虑家长政策而自由定制自己的员工政策。
weaken：家长政策有利于国家经济的发展。
3.【40s】在一个调查中发现，在车祸中，一般受到重伤或者是死亡的人往往是乘客而不不是司机--》所以说，无辜的乘客会承担粗心的司机的责任，而司机自己则只受一点小伤。
Assumption：不考虑司机承担的经济损失。
4.【33s】 R：采取激励措施来提高学校的教学质量是失败的。比如，在最近一个什么学校，通过取消辍学考生的考驾照来降低辍学率的方法失败了。
   A：我承认这个学校的方法失败了，但是有很多学校采取其他的激励措施来提高教学质量是有效果的。
weak point：以偏概全。

UlysessHope

逻辑菜鸟跟帖答题

。。。s

Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinson’s poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinson’s often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main point?  B

大概意思是：J宣称早期对D的诗歌的编辑们歪曲了D的本意。其实J他自己的编辑也有歪曲。他用破折号的使用标准化了D的一些无法破译的手写标点符号，导致了一种诗歌表述的永久模式{ 题目中casual应该改为causal吧~[casual(临时的)与permanent(永久的)意思矛盾了  a causal mode: 因果模式 }，而这种模式是D并不愿在出版物中看到。这件事暗示出D选择使用破折号时显然没有对破折号的功能给予明确的选择。

(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinson’s early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.  
   没说J是对是错； Equally也不对吧，没说歪曲的程度相同
(B) Johnson’s use of the dash in his text of Dickinson’s poetry misleads readers about the poet’s intentions.  
   ‘Yet Johnson’s own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion.’的原文复述
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.        
   只说D不愿看到 a casual mode of poetic phrasing，没说D不愿意诗歌出版，而且貌似偏离题意了~
(D) Although Johnson’s attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinson’s poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.    
   出现well-meaning善意的 这个词，是不是偏离题意了~
(E) Dickinson’s editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinson’s handwritten manuscripts.  
   作者只说了J他认为早期编辑错，作者自己没说早期编辑到底错没错，而且D的编辑们就只包含J和早期编辑么？


55s
一个要求公司必须提供给其职工不带薪时间来照看职工的孩子的法律 将会损害国家的经济竞争力。
--------------------------结论 公司必须应该不受强制parental-leave的管制，自由设置他们的雇佣制度。
削弱：并不是这个法律损害了国际经济竞争力

37s
许多致命的交通事故揭示出：在大部分的事件中，死亡的是乘客，存活的是司机。
-----------------结论 这讽刺的说明了无辜的生科死于司机的不认真，而司机经常只是受轻伤或不受伤。
假设：

41s
R：在WV，试图通过吊销中途离校的学生驾照来减少辍学率这一举措失败了
      --------------------结论 用外来刺激来使青少年改变对于学校和学业的观点的方法不生效
A：在WV的却失败了，但许多学校通过外来刺激的方法成功的提升了出勤率和减少了违规问题

缺陷：R用了特例推算总体

南瓜0729

前两题我大脑短路了
3 35s
调查显示 在事故中 伤亡的大多是乘客而不是司机
结论：乘客为司机的粗心买单

assumption：accident 中 都是司机的错误 不是因为乘客的错

4.43s
R：通过其他刺激来使学生态度转变没有用。举例。。。。是无效的
A：但其他学校一些激励措施，有效。

错误点：以偏概全 只是个例


话说我想知道最后放一个AA的题目是要练习思路么？？

balapupu

(⊙o⊙)…   话说这个逻辑是怎么练的  是看完自己推答案  再看选项是否跟自己一样？

-- by 会员 corneliaflower (2011/9/4 20:50:40)

对的

corneliaflower

(⊙o⊙)…   话说这个逻辑是怎么练的  是看完自己推答案  再看选项是否跟自己一样？

superbat28

to balapupu~每次从word粘到网页上之前，先粘到记事本里，然后再粘过来，这样格式就不会有问题了~