【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑2-7】

kidvii

今天是NUMBERS & PERCENTAGE 专题，来自POWER SCORE CR BIBLE. 有兴趣的，可以去翻解析。补上选项。刺激点。


1. Politician: Those economists who claim that consumer price increases have
averaged less than 3 percent over the last year are mistaken. They clearly
have not shopped anywhere recently. Gasoline is up 10 percent over the last
year; my auto insurance, 12 percent; newspapers, 15 percent; propane,
13%; bread, 50 percent.
The reasoning in the politician’s argument is most
vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

A. impugns the character of the economists rather than addressing their
arguments
B. fails to show that the economists mentioned are not experts in the area of
consumer prices
C. mistakenly infers that something is not true from the claim that it has not
been shown to be so
D. uses evidence drawn from a small sample that may well be unrepresentative
E. attempts to persuade by making an emotional appeal

2. Ditrama is a federation made up of three autonomous regions: Korva, Mitro, and Guadar. Under the federal revenue-sharing plan, each region receives a share of federal revenues equal to the share of the total population of Ditrama residing in that region, as shown by a yearly population survey. Last year, the percentage of federal revenues Korva received for its share decreased somewhat even though the population survey on which the revenue-sharing was based showed that Korva's population had increased.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also have been shown by the
population survey on which last year's revenue-sharing in Ditrama was based?

(A) Of the three regions, Korva had the smallest number of residents.
(B) The population of Korva grew by a smaller percentage than it did in previous years.
(C) The populations of Mitro and Guadar each increased by a percentage that exceeded the percentage by which the population of Korva increased.
(D) Of the three regions, Korva's numerical increase in population was the smallest.
(E) Korva's population grew by a smaller percentage than did the population of at least one of the other two autonomous
regions.

3. In 1980, Country A had a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) that was
$5,000 higher than that of the European Economic Community. By 1990, the
difference, when adjusted for inflation, had increased to $6,000. Since a
rising per capita GDP indicates a rising average standard of living, the
average standard of living in Country A must have risen between 1980 and
1990.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument
depends?

A. Between 1980 and 1990, Country A and the European Economic Community
experienced the same percentage increase in population.
B. Between 1980 and 1990, the average standard of living in the European
Economic Community fell.
C. Some member countries of the European Economic Community had, during
the 1980s, a higher average standard of living than Country A.
D. The per capita GDP of the European Economic Community was not lower by
more than $1,000 in 1990 than it had been in 1980.
E. In 1990, no member country of the European Economic Community had a
per capita GDP higher than that of Country A.

4. Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic
year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had
traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central
Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college
have risen, and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has
dropped to around 40 percent.

Which one of the following can be properly
inferred from the statements above?

A. If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside
Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over
the past 10 years.
B. If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are
not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s
enrollment.
C. Over the past 10 years, the number of students from Markland increased and
the number of students from outside Markland decreased.
D. Over the past 10 years, academic standards at Central Markland College have
risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.
E. If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same,
tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.

AA

The following editorial appeared in the Elm City paper.
“The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.”

Monica2020

1. 0:24 ;1:10
infor: Those economists clearly have not shopped anywhere recently.
infor：Gasoline is up 10 percent over the lastyear; my auto insurance, 12 percent; newspapers, 15 percent...  criticism
D. uses evidence drawn from a small sample that may well be unrepresentative

2.0:30 ; 1:11
information：Last year, the percentage of federal revenues Korva received decreased even though population had increase
own idea:the percentage of increase is different in each areas

(C) The populations of Mitro and Guadar each increased by a percentage that exceeded the percentage by which the population of Korva increased.

3.0:30;1:35
premise:In 1980, Country A GDP was $5,000 higher than that of the European Economic Community.
By 1990, the difference had increased to $6,000.
conclusion: the average standard of living in Country A must have risen
assumption: the GDP/ living condition EEC in 1990 did not fall a lot

D. The per capita GDP of the European Economic Community was not lower by
more than $1,000 in 1990 than it had been in 1980.

4.0:35; 1:45
infor1:Students from outside M  pay twice as much tuition as students from Markland, their percentage is 2/3
infor 2: in last 10 years academic standards have risen, and the proportion of students who are not M has dropped to around 40 percent.
C. Over the past 10 years, the number of students from Markland increased and the number of students from outside Markland decreased.

Yvette19

1. 超时
经济学家说物价平均下降3%是瞎扯。你看啊油价在涨保险再涨报纸也再涨！

Weaken: D 举个例推出结论。平均。

2. 45s
BG:一个国家有3个地区。他们的财政税收收入是分别按照其当年人口调查的人口数量来分配的。人口多税收多，人口少税收少。
其中一个地区去年的财政收入减少了，尽管据调查该地区的人口是增加了的。

resolve: 另两个区的人口增加比例更高。

有个疑问，既然E是正确答案，为什么C不可以呢？

3.  45s
BG1:A国的人均GDP在1980年比EEC高了5000刀。
BG2：到了1980年，刨除通胀，与EEC的差额变成6000刀。
Premise: 人均GDP上涨意味着生活水平的提高
Conclusion: 所以A国在这10年里生活水平有所提高。

Assumption: EEC的人均GDP木有下降。D

4. 超时。。。好绕。。。看了两三遍才看明白
M省内的学生比省外的学生少付一半的学费。省外学生占四分之三的Central M College的注册学生。
近十年教学水平提高，减少了40%的外省学生。

inference。。。

flonacui

这一章在powerscore全部做过了的

liruirui

这贴貌似是好久前的呢  什么时候可以公布答案呀

大三准备留学

1.p:E说平均物价只上涨了百分之三是扯淡。。举了各种涨了百分之10的例子
削弱P：平均的含义啊！！

2.三个地方按人口比例平分资助  这个地方人口上涨却资助减少
得到：其他地方的人口涨幅更大

3.M大学对与外地学生收费两倍于本地学生 大部分的资金来源于这部分收费  过去的十年 M大学教学水平提高了，外地学生也减少到了40%
得到:收入减少了。。

4.
10年间 比起欧洲gdp水平  这个地方从高5000到稿6000
所以这个地方的生活水平提高了

假设：欧洲的gdp在10年间没有下降

纳丁Cat

9-2
1.40s
Politician: Those economists who claim that consumer price increases have
averaged less than 3 percent over the last year are mistaken. They clearly
have not shopped anywhere recently. Gasoline is up 10 percent over the last
year; my auto insurance, 12 percent; newspapers, 15 percent; propane,
13%; bread, 50 percent.
The reasoning in the politician’s argument is most
vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
结论:有人说人们的平均消费下降了3%是不对的。
原因：他们都花费到其他地方去了。比如油啊、报纸啊啥的

削弱：错误的任务认为油啊，报纸啊的消费没有算到平均消费里面。

A. impugns the character of the economists rather than addressing their
arguments
B. fails to show that the economists mentioned are not experts in the area of
consumer prices
C. mistakenly infers that something is not true from the claim that it has not
been shown to be so
D. uses evidence drawn from a small sample that may well be unrepresentative
E. attempts to persuade by making an emotional appeal
前提削弱，以偏概全。

2.45s
Ditrama is a federation made up of three autonomous regions: Korva, Mitro, and Guadar. Under the federal revenue-sharing plan, each region receives a share of federal revenues equal to the share of the total population of Ditrama residing in that region, as shown by a yearly population survey. Last year, the percentage of federal revenues Korva received for its share decreased somewhat even though the population survey on which the revenue-sharing was based showed that Korva's population had increased.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also have been shown by the population survey on which last year's revenue-sharing in Ditrama was based?
前提：一个联邦D由K、M和Ｇ３个地区组成，他们分的的财政收入于他们的人数匹配。Ｋ到的收入变少了，尽管人数大大增加了。

支持：Ｋ和Ｍ增加的比例更多。
(A) Of the three regions, Korva had the smallest number of residents.
(B) The population of Korva grew by a smaller percentage than it did in previous years.
(C) The populations of Mitro and Guadar each increased by a percentage that exceeded the percentage by which the population of Korva increased.
(D) Of the three regions, Korva's numerical increase in population was the smallest.
(E) Korva's population grew by a smaller percentage than did the population of at least one of the other two autonomous regions.
Ｅ是一定成立的，Ｃ是不一定成立的。前提削弱。

３.３５s
In 1980, Country A had a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) that was
$5,000 higher than that of the European Economic Community. By 1990, the
difference, when adjusted for inflation, had increased to $6,000. Since a
rising per capita GDP indicates a rising average standard of living, the
average standard of living in Country A must have risen between 1980 and
1990.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument
depends?
信息：A国家收入80年人均GDP为5000比欧共体多５０００。90年，考虑通涨后，为６０００.
结论：因为人均GDP是衡量生活水平的一个重要标志，所以Ａ的生活水平上升了。

假设：欧共体的人均GDP没有大大下降１０００以上。

A. Between 1980 and 1990, Country A and the European Economic Community
experienced the same percentage increase in population.
B. Between 1980 and 1990, the average standard of living in the European
Economic Community fell.
C. Some member countries of the European Economic Community had, during
the 1980s, a higher average standard of living than Country A.
D. The per capita GDP of the European Economic Community was not lower by
more than $1,000 in 1990 than it had been in 1980.
E. In 1990, no member country of the European Economic Community had a
per capita GDP higher than that of Country A.

４.　３５　ｓ
Students from outside the province of Markland, who in any given academic
year pay twice as much tuition each as do students from Markland, had
traditionally accounted for at least two-thirds of the enrollment at Central
Markland College. Over the past 10 years academic standards at the college
have risen, and the proportion of students who are not Marklanders has
dropped to around 40 percent.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
信息：Ｋ中心的学费比外面多２陪。这解释了２/3的入学率。然而K的学术成绩上升10%后，外面的入学下降了40%。
信息：从M省外面来的学生，比本省的学生，要给2倍的学费。而外省的学生至少有2/3。过去10年，大学的学术水平上升了，但是外省学生的比例下降了40%。

结论：学术成绩比学费更能影响入学率

A. If it had not been for the high tuition paid by students from outside
Markland, the college could not have improved its academic standards over
the past 10 years.
B. If academic standards had not risen over the past 10 years, students who are
not Marklanders would still account for at least two-thirds of the college’s
enrollment.
C. Over the past 10 years, the number of students from Markland increased and
the number of students from outside Markland decreased.
D. Over the past 10 years, academic standards at Central Markland College have
risen by more than academic standards at any other college in Markland.
E. If the college’s per capita revenue from tuition has remained the same,
tuition fees have increased over the past 10 years.
关系推理

fox0923

此楼为答案
D E D E

-- by 会员 kidvii (2011/9/2 19:46:41)

kid,给我吧！！！

fox0923

29s
Premise: Other products price has been increased in different % higher than 3%.
Conclusion: The consumer price average has been less than 3% is not true.
Weaken: The average consumer price increase is different from the unit consumer price increase. (D)

45s
Premise: three autonomic regions K,M & G receive federal revenues according to their population.
Conclusion: The federal revenue was decreased even though the population of K was increased.
Assumption: population increase+?=revenue increase(没想出来）
选项：
(B) The population of Korva grew by a smaller percentage than it did in previous years.

27s
Premise: The GDP has been increased from 5000 to 6000, and GDP indicates the standard living.
Conclusion: The standard living has been increased between 1980 and 1990.
Assumption: The standard living in A was higher than that in European community in 1980.
(D)

34s
Premise: The students who are not from M. always pay twice tuition more than the M. students, and 2/3 of students are not from M.
Conclusion: The students who are not from M has been dropped 40%.
Inference: The students who enrolled in college are from M is 2/3x3/5=40%
(C)

AA
Conclusion: The application to build a shopping mall in Elm city should be denied.
Weaken:
1. 类比：It's inappropriate to use Oak City as a sample to illustrate the failure of Elm city only based on the local condition and environments in OAk city.  
2. 他因：There might be other reasons that caused the OAk City's crimes, shortage of parking, and etc....such as government control or budget.
3. Compare the recent years of economy to the past in Elm City in order to see if this city is able to build a new construction, instead, the author compares Oak city's economy to Elm's.

superbat28

mark……今天欠作业吧。。状态全无。。